ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2004
Ring vaccination and smallpox control.
Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Review of the Ring Trial Design for Evaluating Ring Interventions for Infectious Diseases.Epidemiologic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Frequency of adverse events after vaccination with different vaccinia strains.PLoS medicine · 2006Pooled it
- The ring vaccination trial: a novel cluster randomised controlled trial design to evaluate vaccine efficacy and effectiveness during outbreaks, with special reference to Ebola.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2015Trial
- Smallpox outbreak scenarios and reactive intervention protocols: A mathematical model-based analysis applied to the Republic of Korea.PloS one · 2026Article
- Simulating a potential mpox outbreak: Implications for control in non-endemic settings.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Comparing the effectiveness of ring and block-vaccination strategies on networks.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Experimental inoculation of pigs with monkeypox virus results in productive infection and transmission to sentinels.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Estimating the relative importance of epidemiological and behavioural parameters for epidemic mpox transmission: a modelling study.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Human mpox: global trends, molecular epidemiology and options for vaccination.Pathogens and global health · 2024Review
- Monkeypox: Clinical Issues of Concern.Journal of translational internal medicine · 2022Article
- Monkeypox virus vaccine evolution and global preparedness for vaccination.International immunopharmacology · 2022Article
- Ring vaccination for monkeypox containment: Strategic implementation and challenges.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2022Article
- Western Pacific countries preparedness for monkeypox emergence: A call for action - Correspondence.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2022Article
- The monkeypox virus.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2022Article
- Challenges for modelling interventions for future pandemics.Epidemics · 2022Article
- Is it time to reconsider ring vaccination for COVID-19?CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2022Article
- Monkeypox: the resurgence of forgotten things.Epidemiology and health · 2022Review
- Article
- Modelling of optimal vaccination strategies in response to a bioterrorism associated smallpox outbreak.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Contact tracing - Old models and new challenges.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We present a stochastic model for the spread of smallpox after a small number of index cases are introduced into a susceptible population. The model describes a branching process for the spread of the infection and the effects of intervention measures. We discuss scenarios in which ring vaccination of direct contacts of infected persons is sufficient to contain an epidemic. Ring vaccination can be successful if infectious cases are rapidly diagnosed. However, because of the inherent stochastic nature of epidemic outbreaks, both the size and duration of contained outbreaks are highly variable. Intervention requirements depend on the basic reproduction number (R0), for which different estimates exist. When faced with the decision of whether to rely on ring vaccination, the public health community should be aware that an epidemic might take time to subside even for an eventually successful intervention strategy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.