ReviewEnvironmental health perspectives2004
Recent developments in low-level lead exposure and intellectual impairment in children.
Review in Environmental health perspectives, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 425 citations in OpenAlex.
- Racial/Ethnic Differences in Childhood Blood Lead Levels Among Children <72 Months of Age in the United States: a Systematic Review of the Literature.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2016Pooled it
- Contributions of a Child's Built, Natural, and Social Environments to Their General Cognitive Ability: A Systematic Scoping Review.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Community-engaged analysis of soil lead contamination near a historical metallurgy facility in Los Angeles, California.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Article
- Article
- Epigenetic changes and their potential reversibility in mental health disorders.Essays in biochemistry · 2025Review
- Blood Lead Levels and Their Association with Iron Deficiency and Anemia in Children.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Awareness and Knowledge of Lead Poisoning: A Street Survey in Three Municipalities of Georgia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Association between Residential Distance to Airport and Blood Lead Levels in Children under 6 Living in North Carolina, 1992-2015.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Insights on Stability Constants and Structures of Complexes between Coumarin Derivatives and Pb(II) in Aqueous Media.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Identifying High-Risk ZIP Codes for Childhood Lead Exposure: A Statewide ZCTA-Level Priority List for North Carolina.North Carolina medical journal · 2024Article
- Early-Life Lead Exposure: Risks and Neurotoxic Consequences.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Legacies of Pre-1960s Municipal Waste Incineration in the Pb of City Soils.Environmental science & technology letters · 2023Article
- Bioaccessibility, exposure and risk assessment of potentially toxic elements and essential micronutrients in ayurvedic, traditional Chinese and Ghanaian medicines.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Zinc status in public health: exploring emerging research trends through bibliometric analysis of the historical context from 1978 to 2022.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2023Review
- Delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase, Low Blood Lead Levels, Social Factors, and Intellectual Function in an Afro-Brazilian Children Community.Biological trace element research · 2022Article
- Risk Factors and Hazards in the Household Environment for Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Urban Preschool Children of Vellore: A Case-Control Approach in the MAL-ED Birth Cohort.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- An investigation of heavy metals in edible bird's nest from Indonesia using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Veterinary world · 2022Article
- Article
- Assessment of Urinary Lead (Pb) and Essential Trace Elements in Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Case-Control Study Among Preschool Children in Malaysia.Biological trace element research · 2022Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the last decade children's blood lead levels have fallen significantly in a number of countries, and current mean levels in developed countries are in the region of 3 Mu g/dL. Despite this reduction, childhood lead poisoning continues to be a major public health problem for certain at-risk groups of children, and concerns remain over the effects of lead on intellectual development in infants and children. The evidence for lowered cognitive ability in children exposed to lead has come largely from prospective epidemiologic studies. The current World Health Organization/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention blood level of concern reflects this and stands at 10 Mu g/dL. However, a recent study on a cohort of children whose lifetime peak blood levels were consistently less than 10 Mu g/dL has extended the association of blood lead and intellectual impairment to lower levels of lead exposure and suggests there is no safety margin at existing exposures. Because of the importance of this finding, we reviewed this study in detail along with other recent developments in the field of low-level lead exposure and children's cognitive development. We conclude that these findings are important scientifically, and efforts should continue to reduce childhood exposure. However, from a public health perspective, exposure to lead should be seen within the many other risk factors impacting on normal childhood development, in particular the influence of the learning environment itself. Current lead exposure accounts for a very small amount of variance in cognitive ability (1-4%), whereas social and parenting factors account for 40% or more.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.