ArticleJournal of virology2004
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter contains a CATA box instead of a TATA box for optimal transcription and replication.
Article in Journal of virology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome Editing: Understanding Differences in DNA Repair Pathways, Profiles, and Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- FUBP3 enhances HIV-1 transcriptional activity and regulates immune response pathways in T cells.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- HIV-1 single-transcription start-site mutants display complementary replication functions that are restored by reversion.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- The HIV-1 Transcriptional Program: From Initiation to Elongation Control.Journal of molecular biology · 2025Review
- Mitotic deacetylase complex (MiDAC) recognizes the HIV-1 core promoter to control activated viral gene expression.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Transcription start site heterogeneity and its role in RNA fate determination distinguish HIV-1 from other retroviruses and are mediated by core promoter elements.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Transcription start site heterogeneity and its role in RNA fate determination distinguish HIV-1 from other retroviruses and are mediated by core promoter elements.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Loss of In Vivo Replication Fitness of HIV-1 Variants Resistant to the Tat Inhibitor, dCA.Viruses · 2023Article
- HIV co-opts a cellular antiviral mechanism, activation of stress kinase PKR by its RNA, to enable splicing of rev/tat mRNA.Cell & bioscience · 2023Article
- Genetic Diversity of the LTR Region of Polish SRLVs and Its Impact on the Transcriptional Activity of Viral Promoters.Viruses · 2023Article
- Phylogenetic Analysis of Small Ruminant Lentiviruses Originating from Naturally Infected Sheep and Goats from Poland Based on the Long Terminal Repeat Sequences.Journal of veterinary research · 2022Article
- Transcription Start Site Heterogeneity and Preferential Packaging of Specific Full-Length RNA Species Are Conserved Features of Primate Lentiviruses.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Article
- Review
- Safe CRISPR-Cas9 Inhibition of HIV-1 with High Specificity and Broad-Spectrum Activity by Targeting LTR NF-κB Binding Sites.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2020Article
- Article
- Article
- Cat and Mouse: HIV Transcription in Latency, Immune Evasion and Cure/Remission Strategies.Viruses · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transcriptional promoter contains a single polymorphism in the TATA box. Most subtypes contain the sequence TATAAGC, but subtype E and some recombinant AG strains have the sequence TAAAAGC. Based on mutagenesis studies of cellular RNA polymerase II (pol II) promoters, it has been proposed that the subtype E TATA box is nonfunctional due to the T-to-A substitution at the critical position 3. By means of transcription and virus replication assays, we demonstrate that the true TATA box motif within the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter starts two nucleotides further upstream. Because of this realignment, subtype E has the sequence CATAAAA and all other subtypes have the sequence CATATAA. The polymorphism therefore has shifted from position 3 to position 5 and is no longer incompatible with efficient transcription according to rules determined for cellular pol II promoters. In addition, through sensitive competition experiments, we demonstrate that the CATA box of subtypes B and E can be improved for replication by the mutations 1T and 5T, respectively. The fact that the fitness of both subtype LTRs can be increased by specific point mutations in the CATA box suggests that the transcriptional promoter of HIV-1 is fine-tuned towards a suboptimal level of replication. However, this replication rate may be optimal in the in vivo context of an infected individual.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.