ArticleBiophysical journal2004
Analysis of binding reactions by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching.
Article in Biophysical journal, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 319 papers.
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Who cites it
319 citing papers in PubMed.
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- QuantiTrack: A unified software to study protein dynamics in living cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
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- Measuring PARP1 mobility at DNA damage sites by segmented fluorescence correlation spectroscopy.Biophysical journal · 2025Article
- Repeated extrinsic and anisotropic mechanical inputs promote C. elegans polarized adherens junction elongation.Developmental cell · 2025Article
- Short activation domains control chromatin association of transcription factors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Quantitative Nanometrology of Binary Particle Systems Using Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching: Application to Colloidal Silica.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2025Article
- Binding domain mutations provide insight into CTCF's relationship with chromatin and its contribution to gene regulation.Cell genomics · 2025Article
- Receptor binding and tortuosity explain morphogen local-to-global diffusion coefficient transition.Biophysical journal · 2025Article
- Retinitis pigmentosa-linked mutations impair the snRNA unwinding activity of SNRNP200 and reduce pre-mRNA binding of PRPF8.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Putative looping factor ZNF143/ZFP143 is an essential transcriptional regulator with no looping function.Molecular cell · 2025Article
- Chloroplast Z-ring dynamics is governed by conserved core regions of evolutionarily divergent FtsZs.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
259 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is now widely used to investigate binding interactions in live cells. Although various idealized solutions have been identified for the reaction-diffusion equations that govern FRAP, there has been no comprehensive analysis or systematic approach to serve as a guide for extracting binding information from an arbitrary FRAP curve. Here we present a complete solution to the FRAP reaction-diffusion equations for either single or multiple independent binding interactions, and then relate our solution to the various idealized cases. This yields a coherent approach to extract binding information from FRAP data which we have applied to the question of transcription factor mobility in the nucleus. We show that within the nucleus, the glucocorticoid receptor is transiently bound to a single state, with each molecule binding on average 65 sites per second. This rapid sampling is likely to be important in finding a specific promoter target sequence. Further we show that this predominant binding state is not the nuclear matrix, as some studies have suggested. We illustrate how our analysis provides several self-consistency checks on a FRAP fit. We also define constraints on what can be estimated from FRAP data, show that diffusion should play a key role in many FRAP recoveries, and provide tools to test its contribution. Overall our approach establishes a more general framework to assess the role of diffusion, the number of binding states, and the binding constants underlying a FRAP recovery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.