ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2004
Polarized type 1 cytokine response and cell-mediated immunity determine genetic resistance to mousepox.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antiviral innate immunity and adaptive immune responses against monkeypox and viral immune evasion.World journal of virology · 2026Review
- Conditional T and NK cell antagonism by a giant and highly conserved orthopoxvirus virulence factor.Research square · 2026Article
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- Poxvirus-encoded TNF receptor homolog dampens inflammation and protects from uncontrolled lung pathology during respiratory infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- TNF deficiency dysregulates inflammatory cytokine production, leading to lung pathology and death during respiratory poxvirus infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Treatment of an Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma Allograft with Recombinant Myxoma Virus and Oclacitinib.Oncolytic virotherapy · 2020Article
- Viral Replicative Capacity, Antigen Availability via Hematogenous Spread, and High TJournal of virology · 2019Article
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- Chemokines cooperate with TNF to provide protective anti-viral immunity and to enhance inflammation.Nature communications · 2018Article
- Insufficient Innate Immunity Contributes to the Susceptibility of the Castaneous Mouse to Orthopoxvirus Infection.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Evaluation of Taterapox Virus in Small Animals.Viruses · 2017Article
- A homolog of the variola virus B22 membrane protein contributes to ectromelia virus pathogenicity in the mouse footpad model.Virology · 2017Article
- Comparison of Host Gene Expression Profiles in Spleen Tissues of Genetically Susceptible and Resistant Mice during ECTV Infection.BioMed research international · 2017Article
- TheFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Evidence for Persistence of Ectromelia Virus in Inbred Mice, Recrudescence Following Immunosuppression and Transmission to Naïve Mice.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Interaction between unrelated viruses during in vivo co-infection to limit pathology and immunity.Virology · 2015Article
- Vaccine-induced protection against orthopoxvirus infection is mediated through the combined functions of CD4 T cell-dependent antibody and CD8 T cell responses.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Intratumoral INF-γ triggers an antiviral state in GL261 tumor cells: a major hurdle to overcome for oncolytic vaccinia virus therapy of cancer.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2015Article
- On the potential of oncolytic virotherapy for the treatment of canine cancers.Oncolytic virotherapy · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ectromelia virus (ECTV), a natural mouse pathogen and an orthopoxvirus, has been used to investigate the correlation between polarized type 1 or type 2 immune responses and resistance to disease in poxvirus infections by using well defined resistant and susceptible mouse strains. Our data show that distinct differences exist in the cytokine profiles expressed in resistant and susceptible mice infected with ECTV. Resistant C57BL/6 mice generate a type 1 cytokine response [IFN-gamma, IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)], within the first few days of infection, which is associated with strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte response (CTL) and recovery from ECTV infection. Susceptible strains of mice (BALB/c and A/J) on the other hand generate a type 2 cytokine response (IL-4 but little or no IFN-gamma and IL-2), which is associated with a weak or an absent CTL response, resulting in uncontrolled virus replication and death. Although deletion of IL-4 function alone did not change the outcome of infection in susceptible mice, the loss of IFN-gamma function in resistant mice abrogated natural killer (NK) cell and CTL effector functions resulting in fulminant disease and 100% mortality. Therefore, a clear link exists between the early production of specific type 1 cytokines, in particular, IFN-gamma, the nature of the cellular immune response, and disease outcome in this virus model. This finding in the mousepox model raises the possibility that inappropriate cytokine responses may result in increased susceptibility to smallpox in humans.
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