ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2004
Spatiotemporal retinoid-X receptor activation detected in live vertebrate embryos.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinoid-X receptor action and disruption in development.Developmental biology · 2026Review
- Retinoid X Receptor: Cellular and Biochemical Roles of Nuclear Receptor with a Focus on Neuropathological Involvement.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Review
- Retinoid X receptor α downregulation is required for tail and caudal spinal cord regeneration in the adult newt.Neural regeneration research · 2018Article
- The retinoid X receptors and their ligands.Biochimica et biophysica acta · 2012Review
- Research resource: transcriptome profiling of genes regulated by RXR and its permissive and nonpermissive partners in differentiating monocyte-derived dendritic cells.Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2010Article
- A live zebrafish-based screening system for human nuclear receptor ligand and cofactor discovery.PloS one · 2010Article
- Retinoid X receptor-alpha mediates (R )-flurbiprofen's effect on the levels of Alzheimer's beta-amyloid.Journal of neurochemistry · 2009Article
- Transgenesis procedures in Xenopus.Biology of the cell · 2008Review
- Locust retinoid X receptors: 9-Cis-retinoic acid in embryos from a primitive insect.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Most studies on the nuclear retinoid-X receptor (RXR) have focused on its role as a heterodimeric partner but less about its own activation pattern during development and the distribution of potential endogenous ligands. The aim of this study is to visualize the distribution of activated RXRalpha in live transgenic Xenopus laevis embryos across a wide range of developmental stages. We adopted a nuclear receptor-Gal4 fusion/upstream activation sequence-based reporter system for our assay. Strong activation of the RXRalpha ligand-binding domain was observed in a segment of the spinal cord just posterior to the hindbrain. This activation is first detected in neurula stage embryos and persists up to swimming tadpole stages, after which activation strongly declines. Addition of exogenous ligands, such as 9-cis retinoic acid or all-trans retinoic acid, expands the activation of RXR throughout the spinal cord but not in the brain, whereas the RXR-specific ligand LG268 expanded the Gal4-RXR activation into the brain and olfactory epithelia. Treatment with the RAR-specific ligand 4-(E-2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid or thyroid hormone had no effect on Gal4-RXR activation, whereas these compounds significantly increased their corresponding Gal4/receptor fusion proteins under similar conditions. Embryos expressing a Gal4-RXR fusion protein with a deletion in the ligand-dependent activation domain (AF2) show no reporter gene activation. The results shown in this paper reveal a specific activation pattern for Gal4-RXRalpha specifically in the developing spinal cord and suggest the existence of RXR ligand "hot-spots" in this region.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.