Evidence map›Paper›PMID 15178585›Full record

SynthesisBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2004

Systematic review of the relative efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids in the treatment of acute renal colic.

Anna Holdgate, Tamara Pollock

Erratum issued 2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 64 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
64citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
5.3field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06276231 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Comparative Efficacy of Nebulized Salbutamol in Alleviating Acute Renal Colic Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorOman Medical Speciality BoardRan2024 to 2026Enrolled214ConditionsRenal ColicArmsSalbutamol, 0.9% Normal Saline, Diclofenac Injection
NCT07070401 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

The Use of AR / VR in Patients Presenting to the ED With Renal Colic

TypeinterventionalSponsorCommunity Medical Center, Toms River, NJRan2025 to 2026Enrolled92ConditionsRenal Colic, Kidney Stones, Urolithiasis, HypocitraturiaArmsCommercial AR/VR Headset with Calming App, Pharmacologic Standard of Care Alone
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

64 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 233 citations in OpenAlex.

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  17. Analgesia use in trauma patients at a university teaching hospital in Kigali, Rwanda.African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2023
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4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Anna HoldgateDepartment of Emergency Medicine, St George Hospital, Gray St, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia. holdgatean@sesahs.nsw.gov.au
Tamara Pollock
St George Hospital · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine the relative benefits and disadvantages of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids for the management of acute renal colic. DATA SOURCES: Cochrane Renal Group's specialised register, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, Medline, Embase, and reference lists of retrieved articles. REVIEW

methodsRandomised controlled trials comparing any opioid with any NSAID in acute renal colic if they reported any of the following outcomes: patient rated pain, time to pain relief, need for rescue analgesia, rate of recurrence of pain, and adverse events.

results20 trials totalling 1613 participants were identified. Both NSAIDs and opioids led to clinically important reductions in patient reported pain scores. Pooled analysis of six trials showed a greater reduction in pain scores for patients treated with NSAIDs than with opioids. Patients treated with NSAIDs were significantly less likely to require rescue analgesia (relative risk 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.61 to 0.93). Most trials showed a higher incidence of adverse events in patients treated with opioids. Compared with patients treated with opioids, those treated with NSAIDs had significantly less vomiting (0.35, 0.23 to 0.53). Pethidine was associated with a higher rate of vomiting.

conclusionsPatients receiving NSAIDs achieve greater reductions in pain scores and are less likely to require further analgesia in the short term than those receiving opioids. Opioids, particularly pethidine, are associated with a higher rate of vomiting.

Indexed as

AnalgesiaAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalColicHumansKidney DiseasesNarcoticsPain MeasurementPatient SatisfactionRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTreatment OutcomeAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalNarcotics

Identifiers

PMID15178585
PMCPMC421776
OpenAlexW2148296514

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.