ArticleJournal of molecular evolution2004
Cobra ( Naja spp. ) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor exhibits resistance to Erabu sea snake ( Laticauda semifasciata) short-chain alpha-neurotoxin.
Article in Journal of molecular evolution, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Make Acetylcholine Great Again! Australian Skinks Evolved Multiple Neurotoxin-Proof Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Defiance of Snake Venom.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Red-on-Yellow Queen: Bio-Layer Interferometry Reveals Functional Diversity Within Micrurus Venoms and Toxin Resistance in Prey Species.Journal of molecular evolution · 2024Article
- High-Voltage Toxin'Roll: Electrostatic Charge Repulsion as a Dynamic Venom Resistance Trait in Pythonid Snakes.Toxins · 2024Article
- A Russian Doll of Resistance: Nested Gains and Losses of Venom Immunity in Varanid Lizards.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Venom biotechnology: casting light on nature's deadliest weapons using synthetic biology.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Widespread convergent evolution of alpha-neurotoxin resistance in African mammals.Biology letters · 2022Article
- Convergent evolution of toxin resistance in animals.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2022Review
- Monkeying around with venom: an increased resistance to α-neurotoxins supports an evolutionary arms race between Afro-Asian primates and sympatric cobras.BMC biology · 2021Article
- BoaγPLI from Boa constrictor Blood is a Broad-Spectrum Inhibitor of Venom PLAJournal of chemical ecology · 2021Article
- Not Goanna Get Me: Mutations in the Savannah Monitor Lizard (Varanus exanthematicus) Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Confer Reduced Susceptibility to Sympatric Cobra Venoms.Neurotoxicity research · 2021Article
- Electrostatic resistance to alpha-neurotoxins conferred by charge reversal mutations in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2021Article
- Assessing the Binding of Venoms from Aquatic Elapids to the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Orthosteric Site of Different Prey Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Widespread Evolution of Molecular Resistance to Snake Venom α-Neurotoxins in Vertebrates.Toxins · 2020Article
- Naja annulifera Snake: New insights into the venom components and pathogenesis of envenomation.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Vipers of the Middle East: A Rich Source of Bioactive Molecules.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Comparison of Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance: Learning from Various Kingdoms.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Rapid Radiations and the Race to Redundancy: An Investigation of the Evolution of Australian Elapid Snake Venoms.Toxins · 2016Article
- Venom-gland transcriptome and venom proteome of the Malaysian king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah).BMC genomics · 2015Article
- Snake venoms are integrated systems, but abundant venom proteins evolve more rapidly.BMC genomics · 2015Article
- Single Amino Acid Variation Underlies Species-Specific Sensitivity to Amphibian Skin-Derived Opioid-like Peptides.Chemistry & biology · 2015Article
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3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Snake alpha-neutotoxins of Elapidae venoms are grouped into two structural classes, short-chain and long-chain alpha-neutotoxins. While these two classes share many chemical and biological characteristics, there are also distinct dissimilarities between them, including their binding site on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), specificity among species of Chordata, and the associated pharmacological effects. In the present study we test the hypothesis that structural motifs that evolved to confer natural resistance against conspecific long-chain alpha-neurotoxins in Elapidae snakes also interfere with the biological action of short-chain alpha-neurotoxins. We expressed functional nAChRs that contains segments or single residues of the Elapidae nAChR ligand binding domain and tested the effect of short-chain alpha-neurotoxin erabutoxin-a (ETX-a) from the Erabu sea snake Laticauda semifasciata on the acetylcholine-induced currents as measured by two-microelectrode voltage clamp. Our results show that the Elapidae nAChR alpha subunit segment T(154)-L(208) ligand binding domain has an inhibitory effect on the pharmacological action of ETX-a. This effect is primarily attributed to the presence of glycosylation at position N(189). If the glycosylation is removed from the T(154)-L(208) segment, the nAChR will be inhibited, however, to a lesser extent than seen in the mouse. This effect correlates with the variations in alpha-neurotoxin sensitivity of different species and, importantly, reflects the evolutionary conservation of the binding site on the nAChR polypeptide backbone per se. Phylogenetic analysis of alpha-neurotoxin resistance suggests that alpha-neurotoxin-resistant nAChR evolved first, which permitted the evolution of snake venom alpha-neurotoxins. A model describing alpha-neurotoxin resistance in Elapidae snakes is presented.
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