ReviewJournal of endocrinological investigation2004
Graves' ophthalmopathy: state of the art and perspectives.
Review in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic value of MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging in dysthyroid optic neuropathy: a cross-sectional study providing insights into predictive parameters and pathogenesis.Neuroradiology · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin as a non-surgical option for upper eyelid retraction in active thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a prospective interventional study.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- A Prediction Model for Detecting Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy Based on Clinical Factors and Imaging Markers of the Optic Nerve and Cerebrospinal Fluid in the Optic Nerve Sheath.Current medical science · 2024Article
- Visual function changes of dysthyroid optic neuropathy and ROC curve analysis for early diagnostic indicators.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2023Article
- A 46-Year-Old Woman with a 4-Year History of Graves Disease, with Severe Corticosteroid-Unresponsive Thyroid Eye Disease, Successfully Treated with Tocilizumab.The American journal of case reports · 2023Article
- Dysthyroid optic neuropathy: Demographics, risk factors, investigations, and management outcomes.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- RAPD as a clinical alert for early evidence of dysthyroid optic neuropathy.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Early efficacy of teprotumumab for the treatment of dysthyroid optic neuropathy: A multicenter study.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2021Article
- Teprotumumab (Tepezza): from the discovery and development of medicines to USFDA approval for active thyroid eye disease (TED) treatment.International ophthalmology · 2021Review
- An assessment of the ocular tear film in patients with thyroid disorders.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2019Article
- Assessment of tear-evaporation rate in thyroid-gland patients.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2019Article
- Article
- Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced Oxidative Stress and Fibrosis-Related Genes Expression in Orbital Fibroblasts from Patients with Graves' Ophthalmopathy.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2016Article
- Update on thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy with a special emphasis on the ocular surface.Clinical diabetes and endocrinology · 2016Review
- Long-term outcome of Graves' orbitopathy following high-dose intravenous glucocorticoids and orbital radiotherapy.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2015Article
- Spontaneous improvement of untreated mild Graves' ophthalmopathy: Rundle's curve revisited.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2014Article
- Ocular surface inflammation, and nerve growth factor level in tears in active thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2010Article
- Correlation of signal intensity ratio on orbital MRI-TIRM and clinical activity score as a possible predictor of therapy response in Graves' orbitopathy--a pilot study at 1.5 T.Neuroradiology · 2010Article
- Graves orbitopathy: a perspective.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2009Review
- Regulation of Lymphocyte Function by PPARgamma: Relevance to Thyroid Eye Disease-Related Inflammation.PPAR research · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is an autoimmune orbital disorder most commonly associated with Graves' disease. Recent studies have underscored the role that orbital cells, particularly fibroblasts and adipocytes, play in causing the increase in orbital content responsible for clinical manifestations of the disease. GO seems to be related to autoimmune reactions triggered by autoreactive T lymphocytes of thyroid origin, which recognize antigen(s) shared by thyroid and orbit. The nature of the antigen (or antigens) involved is not fully understood, but TSH receptor is likely to be involved. Cytokines secreted by T lymphocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts play an essential role in perpetuating the disease. Animal models of GO have been developed, but results have not clarified GO pathogenesis yet. Progress in the management of the ophthalmopathy has been very limited, and glucocorticoids, orbital radiotherapy and orbital decompression remain the mainstays in GO treatment. Novel treatments, such as somatostatin analogues, antioxidants, cytokine antagonists are currently under investigation, as well as the effects of total thyroid ablation. Cessation of smoking currently represents the only form of GO (secondary and tertiary) prevention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.