ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2004
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) requirement in Clostridium difficile toxin A-mediated intestinal inflammation.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of the enteric nervous system in the pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile infection.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Mammalian Neuropeptides as Modulators of Microbial Infections: Their Dual Role in Defense versus Virulence and Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Extra-adrenal glucocorticoid biosynthesis: implications for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.Genes and immunity · 2020Review
- Chronic Stress, Inflammation, and Colon Cancer: A CRH System-Driven Molecular Crosstalk.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Review
- Electroacupuncture and Moxibustion Improved Anxiety Behavior in DSS-Induced Colitis Mice.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2019Article
- TPL2 Is a Key Regulator of Intestinal Inflammation in Clostridium difficile Infection.Infection and immunity · 2018Article
- Clostridium difficile-related postinfectious IBS: a case of enteroglial microbiological stalking and/or the solution of a conundrum?Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2018Article
- The role of toxins in Clostridium difficile infection.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2017Review
- Identification of a novel interaction between corticotropin releasing hormone (Crh) and macroautophagy.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor 2 Signaling Promotes Mucosal Repair Responses after Colitis.The American journal of pathology · 2016Article
- Corticotropin Releasing Hormone and Urocortin 3 Stimulate Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression through the cAMP/CREB Pathway.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2015Article
- Multi-facets of Corticotropin-releasing Factor in Modulating Inflammation and Angiogenesis.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2015Article
- Immunolocalization of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and its receptors (CRHR1 and CRHR2) in human endometrial carcinoma: CRHR1 as a potent prognostic factor.International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society · 2014Article
- Aluminum enhances inflammation and decreases mucosal healing in experimental colitis in mice.Mucosal immunology · 2014Article
- Corticotropin-releasing Hormone and Its Biological Diversity toward Angiogenesis.Intestinal research · 2014Review
- Stress-induced corticotropin-releasing hormone-mediated NLRP6 inflammasome inhibition and transmissible enteritis in mice.Gastroenterology · 2013Article
- Article
- Immune responses to Clostridium difficile infection.Trends in molecular medicine · 2012Review
- Serum and colonic mucosal immune markers in irritable bowel syndrome.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2012Article
- Corticotrophin-releasing factor, related peptides, and receptors in the normal and inflamed gastrointestinal tract.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Clostridium difficile, the causative agent of antibiotic-associated colitis, mediates inflammatory diarrhea by releasing toxin A, a potent 308-kDa enterotoxin. Toxin A-induced inflammatory diarrhea involves many steps, including mucosal release of substance P (SP) corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and neutrophil transmigration. Here we demonstrate that, compared with wild type, mice genetically deficient in CRH (Crh(-/-)) have dramatically reduced ileal fluid secretion, epithelial cell damage, and neutrophil transmigration 4 h after intraluminal toxin A administration. This response is associated with diminished mucosal activity of the neutrophil enzyme myeloperoxidase compared with that of wildtype mice. In wild-type mice, toxin A stimulates an increase in intestinal SP content compared with buffer administration. In contrast, toxin A administration in Crh(-/-) mice fails to result in an increased SP content. Moreover, immunohistochemical experiments showed that CRH and SP are colocalized in some enteric nerves of wild-type mice, and this colocalization is more evident after toxin A administration. These results provide direct evidence for a major proinflammatory role for CRH in the pathophysiology of enterotoxin-mediated inflammatory diarrhea and indicate a SP-linked pathway.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.