ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2004
Gene doping in sports.
Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetics and athletic performance: a systematic SWOT analysis of non-systematic reviews.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Pooled it
- Angiogenic Doping: Plausible Yet Difficult to Detect.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Bioethics and the soft power of sport: a contemporary perspective.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Genetics and sports performance: the present and future in the identification of talent for sports based on DNA testing.European journal of applied physiology · 2022Review
- Genetics and the Elite Athlete: Our Understanding in 2020.Indian journal of orthopaedics · 2020Article
- Gene doping in sport - perspectives and risks.Biology of sport · 2014Article
- A polymerase chain reaction-based methodology to detect gene doping.European journal of applied physiology · 2012Article
- Erythropoietin use and abuse.Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism · 2012Article
- Growth hormone doping: a review.Open access journal of sports medicine · 2011Review
- Genetic testing and sports medicine ethics.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2009Review
- Attitudes and doping: a structural equation analysis of the relationship between athletes' attitudes, sport orientation and doping behaviour.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2007Article
- Training to enhance the physiological determinants of long-distance running performance: can valid recommendations be given to runners and coaches based on current scientific knowledge?Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2007Review
- Genes, environment and sport performance: why the nature-nurture dualism is no longer relevant.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2007Review
- Erythropoietin abuse and erythropoietin gene doping: detection strategies in the genomic era.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2005Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gene or cell doping is defined by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) as "the non-therapeutic use of genes, genetic elements and/or cells that have the capacity to enhance athletic performance". New research in genetics and genomics will be used not only to diagnose and treat disease, but also to attempt to enhance human performance. In recent years, gene therapy has shown progress and positive results that have highlighted the potential misuse of this technology and the debate of 'gene doping'. Gene therapies developed for the treatment of diseases such as anaemia (the gene for erythropoietin), muscular dystrophy (the gene for insulin-like growth factor-1) and peripheral vascular diseases (the gene for vascular endothelial growth factor) are potential doping methods. With progress in gene technology, many other genes with this potential will be discovered. For this reason, it is important to develop timely legal regulations and to research the field of gene doping in order to develop methods of detection. To protect the health of athletes and to ensure equal competitive conditions, the International Olympic Committee, WADA and International Sports Federations have accepted performance-enhancing substances and methods as being doping, and have forbidden them. Nevertheless, the desire to win causes athletes to misuse these drugs and methods. This paper reviews the current status of gene doping and candidate performance enhancement genes, and also the use of gene therapy in sports medicine and ethics of genetic enhancement.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.