ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2004
Identification of anthrax toxin genes in a Bacillus cereus associated with an illness resembling inhalation anthrax.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 207 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
207 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 490 citations in OpenAlex.
- Welding Fumes, a Risk Factor for Lung Diseases.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Phase 1 study of a recombinant mutant protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2012Trial
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- Molecular and structural characterization of aMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Evidence of anthrax virulence genes in Bacillus aerius and human exposure in largest abattoir in Lagos, Nigeria.One health outlook · 2025Article
- Whole-Genome Sequencing ofMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Comparing microbiological and molecular diagnostic tools for the surveillance of anthrax.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Investigating Anthrax-Associated Virulence Genes among Archival and ContemporaryPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Pan-genome analysis reveals novel chromosomal markers for multiplex PCR-based specific detection of Bacillus anthracis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Early Circulating Edema Factor in Inhalational Anthrax Infection: Does It Matter?Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Review
- Get to Know Your Neighbors: Characterization of CloseMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Genomic and Phylogenetic Analysis ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Retrospective Screening of Anthrax-like Disease Induced byPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The influence of extrachromosomal elements in the anthrax "cross-over" strainFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- From cereus to anthrax and back again: Assessment of the temperature-dependent phenotypic switching in the "cross-over" strainFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Bacilli in the International Space Station.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Welder's Anthrax: A Tale of 2 Cases.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- PathogenicPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
147 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis is the etiologic agent of anthrax, an acute fatal disease among mammals. It was thought to differ from Bacillus cereus, an opportunistic pathogen and cause of food poisoning, by the presence of plasmids pXO1 and pXO2, which encode the lethal toxin complex and the poly-gamma-d-glutamic acid capsule, respectively. This work describes a non-B. anthracis isolate that possesses the anthrax toxin genes and is capable of causing a severe inhalation anthrax-like illness. Although initial phenotypic and 16S rRNA analysis identified this isolate as B. cereus, the rapid generation and analysis of a high-coverage draft genome sequence revealed the presence of a circular plasmid, named pBCXO1, with 99.6% similarity with the B. anthracis toxin-encoding plasmid, pXO1. Although homologues of the pXO2 encoded capsule genes were not found, a polysaccharide capsule cluster is encoded on a second, previously unidentified plasmid, pBC218. A/J mice challenged with B. cereus G9241 confirmed the virulence of this strain. These findings represent an example of how genomics could rapidly assist public health experts responding not only to clearly identified select agents but also to novel agents with similar pathogenic potentials. In this study, we combined a public health approach with genome analysis to provide insight into the correlation of phenotypic characteristics and their genetic basis.
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