ArticleInfection and immunity2004
Interaction of Blastomyces dermatitidis, Sporothrix schenckii, and Histoplasma capsulatum with Acanthamoeba castellanii.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global prevalence of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae in sewage and sewage-related environments-systematic review with meta-analysis.Parasitology research · 2024Pooled it
- The iron-responsive transcription factor HapX drives iron starvation adaptation and virulence inCurrent research in microbial sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Into the Wild: A Look atJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Navigating the Challenges of Acanthamoeba Keratitis: Current Trends and Future Directions.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Interactions of the emerging fungusMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Review
- Social life of free-living amoebae in aquatic environment- comprehensive insights into interactions of free-living amoebae with neighboring microorganisms.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Adaptation to an amoeba host drives selection of virulence-associated traits and genetic variation in saprotrophicFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- On predatory fungi feeding on free-living amoebae harbouring yeast-like endoparasites.Parasitology research · 2023Article
- "Under Pressure" - How fungi evade, exploit, and modulate cells of the innate immune system.Seminars in immunology · 2023Review
- Fungal resilience and host-pathogen interactions: Future perspectives and opportunities.Parasite immunology · 2023Review
- Current Progress on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Sporotrichosis and Their Future Trends.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Current Models to Study theFrontiers in fungal biology · 2022Review
- Interaction ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Microbial warfare in the wild-the impact of protists on the evolution and virulence of bacterial pathogens.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2021Review
- War of the microbial world: Acanthamoeba spp. interactions with microorganisms.Folia microbiologica · 2021Review
- Evolution of virulence-related phenotypes of Sporothrix brasiliensis isolates from patients with chronic sporotrichosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2021Article
- A Systematic Review of Intracellular Microorganisms withinPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- A Comprehensive Review of Infectious Granulomatous Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several dimorphic fungi are important human pathogens, but the origin and maintenance of virulence in these organisms is enigmatic, since an interaction with a mammalian host is not a requisite for fungal survival. Recently, Cryptococcus neoformans was shown to interact with macrophages, slime molds, and amoebae in a similar manner, suggesting that fungal pathogenic strategies may arise from environmental interactions with phagocytic microorganisms. In this study, we examined the interactions of three dimorphic fungi with the soil amoeba Acanthameobae castellanii. Yeast forms of Blastomyces dermatitidis, Sporothrix schenckii, and Histoplasma capsulatum were each ingested by amoebae and macrophages, and phagocytosis of yeast cells resulted in amoeba death and fungal growth. H. capsulatum conidia were also cytotoxic to amoebae. For each fungal species, exposure of yeast cells to amoebae resulted in an increase in hyphal cells. Exposure of an avirulent laboratory strain of H. capsulatum to A. castellanii selected for, or induced, a phenotype of H. capsulatum that caused a persistent murine lung infection. These results are consistent with the view that soil amoebae may contribute to the selection and maintenance of certain traits in pathogenic dimorphic fungi that confer on these microbes the capacity for virulence in mammals.
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