ArticleBritish journal of sports medicine2004
Effect of trail design and grooming on the incidence of injuries at alpine ski areas.
Article in British journal of sports medicine, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Incidence of Pediatric and Adolescent Concussion in Action Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Recreational Snow-Sports Injury Risk Factors and Countermeasures: A Meta-Analysis Review and Haddon Matrix Evaluation.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2015Pooled it
- Epidemiology of Alpine Skiing and Snowboarding Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Muscular Fatigue and Quadriceps-to-Hamstring Ratio in Alpine Skiing in Women over 40 Years.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Injury prevention: Individual factors affecting adult recreational snowboarders' actual and estimated speeds on regular slopes.PloS one · 2021Article
- Method to Investigate Multi-Axis Release Action of Ski Safety Bindings: A New Approach for Testing in Research and Development.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2021Article
- Understanding youths' attitudes and practices regarding listening to music, video recording and terrain park use while skiing and snowboarding.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
- Favourable changes of the risk-benefit ratio in alpine skiing.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2015Article
- Alpine skiing injuries in Finland - a two-year retrospective study based on a questionnaire among Ski racers.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2014Article
- Injury profile of competitive alpine skiers: a five-year cohort study.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2012Article
- Factors affecting injury severity among recreational skiers and snowboarders: an epidemiology study.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2010Article
- Evaluation of skiing and snowboarding injuries sustained in terrain parks versus traditional slopes.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2010Article
- Downhill ski injuries in children and adolescents.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2007Review
- The (In)visibility of Groomed Ski Runs.i-PerceptionArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo identify the conditions at certain sites on slopes known as black spots for injury.
methodIn the Hafjell and Voss alpine ski areas in Norway, 1410 skiing injuries were recorded from December 1990 through the 1996 season. In Hafjell, 183 of these injuries were plotted on an area map during the two first seasons. Similarly, in Voss, 214 injuries were plotted on an area map for two seasons. During the last three seasons in Hafjell, 835 ski injuries were related to 6712 snow grooming hours and 6,829,084 lift journeys.
resultsThe mean injury rate was 2.2 injuries per 1000 skier days, and the mean injury severity score (ISS) was 3.1. Accumulations of injuries at three sites (black spots) were recorded on the Hafjell area map. These injuries represented 40% of all injuries in the alpine area (p<0.05). Seven injury accumulation sites were recorded on the alpine area map of Voss, representing 22% of the total injuries (p>0.05). Grooming of the slopes was rated poor for the 49% of injuries that occurred at the sites of injury concentration and significantly different (27%) from injuries that occurred at random in Hafjell. The corresponding values in Voss were 50% and 25% respectively. Grooming hours appeared to be inversely proportional to the number of injuries: R = -0.99 (p<0.02). The mean ISS declined significantly in Hafjell over the observation period (p<0.001).
conclusionInappropriate trail design and slope grooming seem to result in an accumulation of injuries at certain sites. Modification in construction and maintenance of the courses may reduce the number of injuries and mean ISS.
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