ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2004
Camalexin is synthesized from indole-3-acetaldoxime, a key branching point between primary and secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers.
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Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 314 citations in OpenAlex.
- Airborne Immunity: A Bacterial Volatile Primes Plant Defenses by Unlocking a Phytoalexin Biosynthetic Checkpoint.Plant, cell & environment · 2026Article
- HDA6 represses the histone acetylation modification and expression of WRKY18/40 to inhibit camalexin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.Plant cell reports · 2026Article
- Amino Acids as Multifunctional Molecules in Plants: From Fundamental Metabolism to Precision Agriculture.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The IAOx-Dependent IAA Biosynthesis Pathway: Acquired Insights, Paradigm Shifts, and Unresolved Questions.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Response of the Arabidopsis indolic secondary metabolite network to infection withFrontiers in fungal biology · 2026Article
- The CYP71A, NIT, AMI, and IAMH gene families are dispensable for indole-3-acetaldoxime-mediated auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.The Plant cell · 2025Article
- Salicylic acid-mediated competitive regulation of xylem vessel formation and defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana.Plant & cell physiology · 2025Article
- ANAC042 Regulates the Biosynthesis of Conserved- and Lineage-Specific Phytoalexins in Arabidopsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Non-Targeted Metabolome Analysis with Low-Dose Selenate-TreatedPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Convenient Route to Large-Scale Chemical Synthesis ofACS omega · 2024Article
- Total Synthesis FacilitatesJournal of the American Chemical Society · 2024Article
- Nitrogen Nutrition Modulates the Response toPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Changing turn-over rates regulate abundance of tryptophan, GS biosynthesis, IAA transport and photosynthesis proteins in Arabidopsis growth defense transitions.BMC biology · 2023Article
- Altered methionine metabolism impacts phenylpropanoid production and plant development in Arabidopsis thaliana.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2023Article
- Diversification of JAZ-MYC signaling function in immune metabolism.The New phytologist · 2023Article
- Occurrence, Function, and Biosynthesis of the Natural Auxin Phenylacetic Acid (PAA) in Plants.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Metabolic link between auxin production and specialized metabolites in Sorghum bicolor.Journal of experimental botany · 2023Article
- A new in vitro monitoring system reveals a specific influence of Arabidopsis nitrogen nutrition on its susceptibility to Alternaria brassicicola at the seedling stage.Plant methods · 2022Article
- Transcription factor WRKY28 curbs WRKY33-mediated resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Brassica napus.Plant physiology · 2022Article
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Characteristic for cruciferous plants is their production of N- and S-containing indole phytoalexins with disease resistance and cancer-preventive properties, previously proposed to be synthesized from indole independently of tryptophan. We show that camalexin, the indole phytoalexin of Arabidopsis thaliana, is synthesized from tryptophan via indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx) in a reaction catalyzed by CYP79B2 and CYP79B3. Cyp79B2/cyp79B3 double knockout mutant is devoid of camalexin, as it is also devoid of indole glucosinolates [Zhao, Y., Hull, A. K., Gupta, N. R., Goss, K. A., Alonso, J., Ecker, J. R., Normanly, J., Chory, J. & Celenza, J. L. (2002) Genes Dev. 16, 3100-3112], and isotope-labeled IAOx is incorporated into camalexin. These results demonstrate that only CYP79B2 and CYP79B3 contribute significantly to the IAOx pool from which camalexin and indole glucosinolates are synthesized. Furthermore, production of camalexin in the sur1 mutant devoid of glucosinolates excludes the possibility that camalexin is derived from indole glucosinolates. CYP79B2 plays an important role in camalexin biosynthesis in that the transcript level of CYP79B2, but not CYP79B3, is increased upon induction of camalexin by silver nitrate as evidenced by microarray analysis and promoter-beta-glucuronidase data. The structural similarity between cruciferous indole phytoalexins suggests that these compounds are biogenetically related and synthesized from tryptophan via IAOx by CYP79B homologues. The data show that IAOx is a key branching point between several secondary metabolic pathways as well as primary metabolism, where IAOx has been shown to play a critical role in IAA homeostasis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.