ArticleImmunogenetics2004
Early expression of two TdT isoforms in the hematopoietic system of the Mexican axolotl. Implications for the evolutionary origin of the N-nucleotide addition.
Article in Immunogenetics, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular characterization and complexity of the immunoglobulin repertoire in the silver-black fox (Vulpes vulpes).BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Immunity in salamander regeneration: Where are we standing and where are we headed?Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2021Review
- Identification of the Adult Hematopoietic Liver as the Primary Reservoir for the Recruitment of Pro-regenerative Macrophages Required for Salamander Limb Regeneration.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Hematopoiesis: A Layered Organization Across Chordate Species.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- Amphibian macrophage development and antiviral defenses.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2016Review
- Article
- Evolution of B cell immunity.Annual review of animal biosciences · 2013Review
- Characterization of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and polymerase mu in zebrafish.Immunogenetics · 2007Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nontemplate (N)-nucleotide addition by the terminal dideoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) at the junctions of rearranging V( D) J gene segments greatly contribute to antigen-receptor diversity. TdT has been identified in several vertebrate species, where it is highly conserved. We report here the isolation of two forms of TdT mRNA in an amphibian, the Mexican axolotl. The isoform TdT1 shares all of the conserved structural motifs required for TdT activity and displays an average of 50-58% similarity at the amino acid level with TdT of other species. The second axolotl TdT variant ( TdT2) differs from TdT1 by a 57-amino acid deletion located between amino acids 165-222 of TdT1, including the first helix-hairpin-helix DNA-binding motif. During ontogeny, TdT products are first detected in the head of 6-week-old larvae and further in the head and trunk of 8-month-old larvae. These developmental stages correspond to the first detection of RAG1 and antigen-receptor (TCRbeta and IgHmicro) products in axolotl larvae. Our results suggest that in contrast to mammalian development, N diversity occurs early in axolotl development to diversify the primary repertoire. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that TdT and DNA polymerase mu(Pol mu) genes are closely related, and that both enzymes were already present in the common ancestor of jawed vertebrates.
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