ArticleMolecular biology of the cell2004
Cholera toxin toxicity does not require functional Arf6- and dynamin-dependent endocytic pathways.
Article in Molecular biology of the cell, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inhibition of early EHDV2-Ibaraki infection steps in bovine cells by endosome alkalinization or ikarugamycin, but not by blockage of individual endocytic pathways.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Dynamin2 functions as an accessory protein to reduce the rate of caveola internalization.The Journal of cell biology · 2023Article
- Cell cycle-dependent endocytosis of DNA-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes by neural progenitor cells.Biophysical reports · 2022Article
- Cholera Toxin as a Probe for Membrane Biology.Toxins · 2021Review
- Structured clustering of the glycosphingolipid GM1 is required for membrane curvature induced by cholera toxin.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Molecular mechanism of Fast Endophilin-Mediated Endocytosis.The Biochemical journal · 2020Review
- Association of Vibrio cholerae 569B outer membrane vesicles with host cells occurs in a GM1-independent manner.Cellular microbiology · 2018Article
- Cell Propagation of Cholera Toxin CTA ADP-Ribosylating Factor by Exosome Mediated Transfer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Cellular Endocytosis and Trafficking of Cholera Toxin B-Modified Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2016Article
- Article
- Dependence of PEI and PAMAM Gene Delivery on Clathrin- and Caveolin-Dependent Trafficking Pathways.Pharmaceutical research · 2015Article
- Microtubule motors power plasma membrane tubulation in clathrin-independent endocytosis.Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) · 2015Article
- Long-term hypoxia increases calcium affinity of BK channels in ovine fetal and adult cerebral artery smooth muscle.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2015Article
- Functions of cholera toxin B-subunit as a raft cross-linker.Essays in biochemistry · 2015Article
- Functional genomic screen identifies novel mediators of collagen uptake.Molecular biology of the cell · 2014Article
- Lipid sorting by ceramide structure from plasma membrane to ER for the cholera toxin receptor ganglioside GM1.Developmental cell · 2012Article
- Caveolin-1 and dynamin-2 are essential for removal of the complement C5b-9 complex via endocytosis.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Article
- Article
- Intoxication of zebrafish and mammalian cells by cholera toxin depends on the flotillin/reggie proteins but not Derlin-1 or -2.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2010Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cholera toxin (CT) and related AB(5) toxins bind to glycolipids at the plasma membrane and are then transported in a retrograde manner, first to the Golgi and then to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the ER, the catalytic subunit of CT is translocated into the cytosol, resulting in toxicity. Using fluorescence microscopy, we found that CT is internalized by multiple endocytic pathways. Inhibition of the clathrin-, caveolin-, or Arf6-dependent pathways by overexpression of appropriate dominant mutants had no effect on retrograde traffic of CT to the Golgi and ER, and it did not affect CT toxicity. Unexpectedly, when we blocked all three endocytic pathways at once, although fluorescent CT in the Golgi and ER became undetectable, CT-induced toxicity was largely unaffected. These results are consistent with the existence of an additional retrograde pathway used by CT to reach the ER.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.