ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2004
T cell deficiency leads to cognitive dysfunction: implications for therapeutic vaccination for schizophrenia and other psychiatric conditions.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 242 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
242 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 501 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glatiramer Acetate Immunomodulation: Evidence of Neuroprotection and Cognitive Preservation.Cells · 2022Pooled it
- Immune reconstitution and clinical recovery following anti-CD28 antibody (TGN1412)-induced cytokine storm.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2021Trial
- Large-Scale Data Analysis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Through GWAS Fine-Mapping and Systems Biology.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation: an unfortunate term to describe schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Engineering chimeric antigen receptor CD4 T cells for Alzheimer's disease.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The CNS Meninges and the Synovial Joint: Parallel Immunological Structures in Autoimmune Disease.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026Review
- The role of lymphocytic CD5 in the effects of ethanol on mesolimbic circuitry and ethanol consumption behavior.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Review
- High‑fat diet and cognitive dysfunction: Mechanistic insights into diet‑induced neurodegeneration (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Meningeal lymphatics as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders.Translational neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Connection and communication between the nervous and immune systems.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Ascorbic acid attenuates immunosenescence and cognitive decline via MYH9-Mediated CD8⁺ T cell differentiation.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
- Pancreatic hypersecretion of amyloid-forming human amylin dysregulates the neuro-immune axis and B cell development in a model of type-2 diabetes.Neurobiology of disease · 2025Article
- Article
- C‑X‑C Motif Chemokine 10/C-X‑C Motif Chemokine Receptor 3 Signaling Induces Neural Senescence and Cognitive Impairments.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Article
- Changes in Neuroimmunological Synapses During Cerebral Ischemia.Translational stroke research · 2025Review
- Redefining the Immunobiology of Organ Transplantation for New Clinical Horizons.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Group 2 innate lymphoid cells drive inhibitory synapse formation with lasting effects on learning and memory.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Greater fatigue, disturbed sleep, persistent memory problems, and reduced CD4Journal of neuroimmunology · 2025Article
- Peripheral CD4Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
182 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The effects of the adaptive immune system on the cognitive performance and abnormal behaviors seen in mental disorders such as schizophrenia have never been documented. Here, we show that mice deprived of mature T cells manifested cognitive deficits and behavioral abnormalities, which were remediable by T cell restoration. T cell-based vaccination, using glatiramer acetate (copolymer-1, a weak agonist of numerous self-reactive T cells), can overcome the behavioral and cognitive abnormalities that accompany neurotransmitter imbalance induced by (+)dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) or amphetamine. The results, by suggesting that peripheral T cell deficit can lead to cognitive and behavioral impairment, highlight the importance of properly functioning adaptive immunity in the maintenance of mental activity and in coping with conditions leading to cognitive deficits. These findings point to critical factors likely to contribute to age- and AIDS-related dementias and might herald the development of a therapeutic vaccination for fighting off cognitive dysfunction and psychiatric conditions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.