ArticleJournal of virology2004
Intracellular targeting signals contribute to localization of coronavirus spike proteins near the virus assembly site.
Article in Journal of virology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disruption of spike protein N-glycosylation induces its endoplasmic reticulum retention and attenuates SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- An unconventional HxD motif orchestrates coatomer-dependent coronavirus morphogenesis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Quantitative characterisation of extracellular vesicles designed to decoy or compete with SARS-CoV-2 reveals differential mode of action across variants of concern and highlights the diversity of Omicron.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Production and cryo-electron microscopy structure of an internally tagged SARS-CoV-2 spike ecto-domain construct.Journal of structural biology: X · 2025Article
- Synthesis and anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential of novel coumarin hybrids: a combined wet/dry lab approach targeting MRSC advances · 2025Article
- Membrane-targeted immunogenic compositions using exosome mimetic approach for vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sequences in the Cytoplasmic Tail Contribute to the Intracellular Trafficking and the Cell Surface Localization of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Article
- The PACS-2 protein and trafficking motifs in CCHFV Gn and Gc cytoplasmic domains govern CCHFV assembly.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Adaptive truncation of the S gene in IBV during chicken embryo passaging plays a crucial role in its attenuation.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- A single C-terminal residue controls SARS-CoV-2 spike trafficking and incorporation into VLPs.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Article
- A Suitable Membrane Distance Regulated by the RBD_ACE2 Interaction is Critical for SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Mediated Viral Invasion.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 spike host cell surface exposure promoted by a COPI sorting inhibitor.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2023Article
- Cytoplasmic Tail Truncation Stabilizes S1-S2 Association and Enhances S Protein Incorporation into SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirions.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Article
- Modulation of NBAS-Related Functions in the Early Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Modified DNA vaccine confers improved humoral immune response and effective virus protection against SARS-CoV-2 delta variant.Scientific reports · 2022Article
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Coronavirus budding at the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) requires accumulation of the viral envelope proteins at this point in the secretory pathway. Here we demonstrate that the spike (S) protein from the group 3 coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) contains a canonical dilysine endoplasmic reticulum retrieval signal (-KKXX-COOH) in its cytoplasmic tail. This signal can retain a chimeric reporter protein in the ERGIC and when mutated allows transport of the full-length S protein as well as the chimera to the plasma membrane. Interestingly, the IBV S protein also contains a tyrosine-based endocytosis signal in its cytoplasmic tail, suggesting that any S protein that escapes the ERGIC will be rapidly endocytosed when it reaches the plasma membrane. We also identified a novel dibasic motif (-KXHXX-COOH) in the cytoplasmic tails of S proteins from group 1 coronaviruses and from the newly identified coronavirus implicated in severe acute respiratory syndrome. This dibasic motif also retained a reporter protein in the ERGIC, similar to the dilysine motif in IBV S. The cytoplasmic tails of S proteins from group 2 coronaviruses lack an intracellular localization signal. The inherent differences in S-protein trafficking could point to interesting variations in pathogenesis of coronaviruses, since increased levels of surface S protein could promote syncytium formation and direct cell-to-cell spread of the infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.