ReviewPharmaceutical research2004
Neonatal exposure to drugs in breast milk.
Review in Pharmaceutical research, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01796132 (Antidepressant Treatments During Pregnancy and Lactation), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Antidepressant Treatments During Pregnancy and Lactation: Prediction of Drug Exposure Through Breastfeeding and Evaluation of Drug Effect on the Neonatal Adaptation and the Development of the Young Child
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Negligible exposure to nifurtimox through breast milk during maternal treatment for Chagas Disease.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Trial
- Histoplasmosis in Pregnancy: A Review and Patient Perspective.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Review
- The Impact of Substance Use Disorder and Drug Transfer into Breast Milk: Implications for Maternal and Infant Health.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Population pharmacokinetic modelling of primaquine exposures in lactating women and breastfed infants.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Article
- Quantifying breast milk intake by term and preterm infants for input into paediatric physiologically based pharmacokinetic models.Maternal & child nutrition · 2020Review
- Transporters in the Mammary Gland-Contribution to Presence of Nutrients and Drugs into Milk.Nutrients · 2019Review
- Inclusion of pregnant and breastfeeding women in research - efforts and initiatives.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Review
- Development, validation and clinical application of a novel method for the quantification of efavirenz in dried breast milk spots using LC-MS/MS.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2015Article
- Breastfeeding and migraine drugs.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2014Review
- Antiretroviral concentrations in breast-feeding infants of mothers receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
There are many benefits of breast-feeding both for the infant and for the mother. Nursing mothers who are also taking medications or exposed to environmental hazards may be confronted with a difficult choice to discontinue nursing or maternal medication or risk potential harm to the infant. Frequently, these decisions are made without sufficient information or understanding of the factors influencing exposure. The current review explores two indices of exposure, together with their pharmacokinetic determinants. Both of the indices include the milk to serum (M/S) concentration ratio for a given drug and the volume of milk consumed. The first exposure term, EI(Dose), expresses neonatal dose as a percentage of maternal dose and is inversely related to the maternal systemic clearance. By contrast, the second exposure term, EI(Conc), expresses infant concentration as a percentage of maternal concentration and is inversely related to the infant systemic clearance. Issues related to intersubject variation in M/S (e.g., colostrum vs. mature milk, fore vs. hind milk) and infant clearance (e.g., ontogeny of elimination pathways, pharmacogenetics) and their role in modulating exposure are also discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
15139511What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.