ReviewClinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology2004
Herpes simplex virus type 2 vaccines: new ground for optimism?
Review in Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunotherapeutic strategies for sexually transmitted viral infections: HIV, HSV and HPV.Cellular immunology · 2016Review
- The oncolytic virus ΔPK has multimodal anti-tumor activity.Pathogens and disease · 2016Review
- ΔPK oncolytic activity includes modulation of the tumour cell milieu.The Journal of general virology · 2016Article
- Conjunctival flap covering combined with antiviral and steroid therapy for severe herpes simplex virus necrotizing stromal keratitis.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2015Article
- Calpain-dependent clearance of the autophagy protein p62/SQSTM1 is a contributor to ΔPK oncolytic activity in melanoma.Gene therapy · 2014Article
- Recent advances in vaccine development for herpes simplex virus types I and II.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2013Review
- Current trends in negative immuno-synergy between two sexually transmitted infectious viruses: HIV-1 and HSV-1/2.Current trends in immunology · 2012Article
- Article
- Digallate dimers of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate inactivate herpes simplex virus.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2011Article
- The HSV-2 mutant DeltaPK induces melanoma oncolysis through nonredundant death programs and associated with autophagy and pyroptosis proteins.Gene therapy · 2010Article
- Asymptomatic human CD4+ cytotoxic T-cell epitopes identified from herpes simplex virus glycoprotein B.Journal of virology · 2008Article
- Effector CD4+ T-cell involvement in clearance of infectious herpes simplex virus type 1 from sensory ganglia and spinal cords.Journal of virology · 2008Article
- Epigallocatechin gallate inactivates clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2008Article
- Genital herpes and its management.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2007Review
- Developments in herpes simplex virus vaccines: old problems and new challenges.Folia microbiologica · 2006Review
- Designing Herpes Viruses as Oncolytics.Molecular therapy oncolyticsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The development of effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against genital herpes has proven problematic. Difficulties are associated with the complexity of the virus life cycle (latency) and our relatively poor understanding of the mechanism of immune control of primary and recurrent disease. The types of effector cells and the mechanisms responsible for their activation and regulation are particularly important. Studies from my and other laboratories have shown that recurrent disease is prevented by virus-specific T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines (viz., gamma interferon) and activated innate immunity. Th2 cytokines (viz., interleukin-10 [IL-10]) and regulatory (suppressor) T cells downregulate this immune profile, thereby allowing unimpeded replication of reactivated virus and recurrent disease. Accordingly, an effective therapeutic vaccine must induce Th1 immunity and be defective in Th2 cytokine production, at least IL-10. These concepts are consistent with the findings of the most recent clinical trials, which indicate that (i) a herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein D (gD-2) vaccine formulated with a Th1-inducing adjuvant has prophylactic activity in HSV-2- and HSV-1-seronegative females, an activity attributed to the adjuvant function, and (ii) a growth-defective HSV-2 mutant (ICP10DeltaPK), which is deleted in the Th2-polarizing gene ICP10PK, induces Th1 immunity and has therapeutic activity in both genders. The ICP10DeltaPK vaccine prevents recurrent disease in 44% of treated subjects and reduces the frequency and severity of recurrences in the subjects that are not fully protected. Additional studies to evaluate these vaccines are warranted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.