ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2004
Arabidopsis thaliana DNA gyrase is targeted to chloroplasts and mitochondria.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.
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Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- TOR Signaling as a Central Integrator of Embryogenic Reprogramming During 2,4-D-Induced Somatic Embryogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Multiple inducible DNA double-strand breaks using a restriction endonuclease in Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondria.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- A record-setting mitogenome in the holoparasitic plant Balanophora yakushimensis accompanied by exceptional loss of organellar DNA repair and recombination genes.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Not only the top: Type I topoisomerases function in multiple tissues and organs development in plants.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- The arabidopsis GyraseB3 contributes to transposon silencing by promoting histone deacetylation.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Triphenylphosphonium is an effective targeting moiety for plant mitochondria.The New phytologist · 2025Article
- PEN1 catalyses RNA primer removal during plastid DNA replication in maize.Nature plants · 2025Article
- Phylogenetic distribution of DNA topoisomerase VI and its distinction from SPO11.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2024Article
- A Review on Fluoroquinolones' Toxicity to Freshwater Organisms and a Risk Assessment.Journal of xenobiotics · 2024Review
- Molecular mechanism of topoisomerase poisoning by the peptide antibiotic albicidin.Nature catalysis · 2023Article
- Viral origin of eukaryotic type IIA DNA topoisomerases.Virus evolution · 2022Article
- The regulation of DNA supercoiling across evolution.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2021Review
- Inhibitory Compounds Targeting Plasmodium falciparum Gyrase B.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2021Article
- Herbicidal activity of fluoroquinolone derivatives.Plant direct · 2021Article
- Mitochondrial RNase H1 activity regulates R-loop homeostasis to maintain genome integrity and enable early embryogenesis in Arabidopsis.PLoS biology · 2021Article
- Replication and partitioning of the apicoplast genome of Toxoplasma gondii is linked to the cell cycle and requires DNA polymerase and gyrase.International journal for parasitology · 2021Article
- DNA topoisomerases: Advances in understanding of cellular roles and multi-protein complexes via structure-function analysis.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2021Review
- EndophyticFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Network Topological Analysis for the Identification of Novel Hubs in Plant Nutrition.Frontiers in plant science · 2021Article
- Quinolones: Mechanism, Lethality and Their Contributions to Antibiotic Resistance.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
DNA gyrase is the bacterial DNA topoisomerase (topo) that supercoils DNA by using the free energy of ATP hydrolysis. The enzyme, an A(2)B(2) tetramer encoded by the gyrA and gyrB genes, catalyses topological changes in DNA during replication and transcription, and is the only topo that is able to introduce negative supercoils. Gyrase is essential in bacteria and apparently absent from eukaryotes and is, consequently, an important target for antibacterial agents (e.g., quinolones and coumarins). We have identified four putative gyrase genes in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana; one gyrA and three gyrB homologues. DNA gyrase protein A (GyrA) has a dual translational initiation site targeting the mature protein to both chloroplasts and mitochondria, and there are individual targeting sequences for two of the DNA gyrase protein B (GyrB) homologues. N-terminal fusions of the organellar targeting sequences to GFPs support the hypothesis that one enzyme is targeted to the chloroplast and another to the mitochondrion, which correlates with supercoiling activity in isolated organelles. Treatment of seedlings and cultured cells with gyrase-specific drugs leads to growth inhibition. Knockout of A. thaliana gyrA is embryo-lethal whereas knockouts in the gyrB genes lead to seedling-lethal phenotypes or severely stunted growth and development. The A. thaliana genes have been cloned in Escherichia coli and found to complement gyrase temperature-sensitive strains. This report confirms the existence of DNA gyrase in eukaryotes and has important implications for drug targeting, organelle replication, and the evolution of topos in plants.
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