ReviewNeuro-oncology2004
Brain metastases in melanoma: roles of neurotrophins.
Review in Neuro-oncology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral nerve remodeling in the tumor microenvironment: neuro-immune crosstalk, molecular mechanisms, and precision therapeutic.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Genetic associations link lung cancer liability to brain imaging phenotypes and nominate an FN1-associated tumor-oligodendrocyte program in small-cell lung cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Brain neurovascular unit in response to intra- and extra-central nervous system cancers: implications, mechanisms, and challenges.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Molecular Underpinnings of Brain Metastases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Breaking boundaries: role of the brain barriers in metastatic process.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Review
- Demographics aspects of brain and spine metastatic melanoma. Retrospective analysis in a single third-level center.World neurosurgery: X · 2024Article
- Critical functions of extracellular matrix in brain metastasis seeding.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2023Review
- The origin of brain malignancies at the blood-brain barrier.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2023Review
- An HLA-G/SPAG9/STAT3 axis promotes brain metastases.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- The role of tumor microenvironment and exosomes in dormancy and relapse.Seminars in cancer biology · 2022Review
- Blood-brain barrier and brain structural changes in lung cancer patients with non-brain metastases.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Effect of melanoma stem cells on melanoma metastasis.Oncology letters · 2021Review
- The melanoma brain metastatic microenvironment: aldolase C partakes in shaping the malignant phenotype of melanoma cells - a case of inter-tumor heterogeneity.Molecular oncology · 2021Article
- Molecular profiling of melanoma brain metastases compared to primary cutaneous melanoma and to extracranial metastases.Oncotarget · 2020Article
- Genes that Mediate Metastasis across the Blood-Brain Barrier.Trends in cancer · 2020Review
- Melanoma brain metastases: review of histopathological features and immune-molecular aspects.Melanoma management · 2020Review
- Mechanisms of Metastatic Tumor Dormancy and Implications for Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Deciphering mechanisms of brain metastasis in melanoma - the gist of the matter.Molecular cancer · 2018Review
- The biology and therapeutic management of melanoma brain metastases.Biochemical pharmacology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain metastasis, which occurs in 20% to 40% of all cancer patients, is an important cause of neoplastic morbidity and mortality. Successful invasion into the brain by tumor cells must include attachment to microvessel endothelial cells, penetration through the blood-brain barrier, and, of relevance, a response to brain survival and growth factors. Neurotrophins (NTs) are important in brain-invasive steps. Human melanoma cell lines express low-affinity NT receptor p75NTR in relation to their brain-metastatic propensity with their invasive properties being regulated by NGF, or nerve growth factor, the prototypic NT. They also express functional TrkC, the putative receptor for the invasion-promoting NT-3. In brain-metastatic melanoma cells, NTs promote invasion by enhancing the production of extracellular matrix (ECM)-degradative enzymes such as heparanase, an enzyme capable of locally destroying both ECM and the basement membrane of the blood-brain barrier. Heparanase is an endo-beta-d-glucuronidase that cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) chains of ECM HS proteoglycans, and it is a unique metastatic determinant because it is the dominant mammalian HS degradative enzyme. Brain-metastatic melanoma cells also produce autocrine/paracrine factors that influence their growth, invasion, and survival in the brain. Synthesis of these factors may serve to regulate NT production by brain cells adjacent to the neoplastic invasion front, such as astrocytes. Increased NT levels have been observed in tumor-adjacent tissues at the invasion front of human brain melanoma. Additionally, astrocytes may contribute to the brain-metastatic specificity of melanoma cells by producing NT-regulated heparanase. Trophic, autocrine, and paracrine growth factors may therefore determine whether metastatic cells can successfully invade, colonize, and grow in the CNS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.