ArticleNutrition journal2004
Homocysteine and reactive oxygen species in metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and atheroscleropathy: the pleiotropic effects of folate supplementation.
Article in Nutrition journal, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 184 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of folic acid with vitamin B12/vitamin B6 intervention on serum homocysteine metabolism and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Beneficial effects of the RESMENA dietary pattern on oxidative stress in patients suffering from metabolic syndrome with hyperglycemia are associated to dietary TAC and fruit consumption.International journal of molecular sciences · 2013Trial
- Folic acid, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin combination treatment and age-related macular degeneration in women: the Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study.Archives of internal medicine · 2009Trial
- Folic Acid and Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Thoracic Aortic Dissection in a Patient With Classical Homocystinuria: Implications for Aortic Surveillance.JIMD reports · 2026Article
- Influence of homocysteine on regulating immunothrombosis: mechanisms and therapeutic potential in management of infections.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Review
- Unraveling Homocysteine's Role in Dementia: No Specific Association with Alzheimer's Disease, but a Connection to White Matter Hyperintensities.Aging and disease · 2025Observational
- Association between homocysteine and severe cerebral small vessel disease burden in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Atherogenic Effect of Homocysteine, a Biomarker of Inflammation and Its Treatment.The International journal of angiology : official publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc · 2024Review
- Article
- Impact of smokeless tobacco on psychological and oxidative stress in unemployed indian youth.Amino acids · 2024Article
- High Homocysteine-Thiolactone Leads to Reduced MENIN Protein Expression and an Impaired DNA Damage Response: Implications for Neural Tube Defects.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Vitamin BAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Climate Stressors and Physiological Dysregulations: Mechanistic Connections to Pathologies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Overview and New Insights into the Metabolic Syndrome: Risk Factors and Emerging Variables in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes and Cerebrocardiovascular Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Multimodal strategy to rescue the brain in mild cognitive impairment: Ketogenic oral nutrition supplementation with B vitamins and aerobic exercise.European journal of clinical investigation · 2022Article
- Vitamin B12 Regulates the Transcriptional, Metabolic, and Epigenetic Programing in Human Ileal Epithelial Cells.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Vitamin B12 coordinates ileal epithelial cell and microbiota functions to resist Salmonella infection in mice.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2022Article
- Urine 11-Dehydro-Thromboxane B2 in Aspirin-Naive Males with Metabolic Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- The Mighty Mitochondria Are Unifying Organelles and Metabolic Hubs in Multiple Organs of Obesity, Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes: An Observational Ultrastructure Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Homocysteine has emerged as a novel independent marker of risk for the development of cardiovascular disease over the past three decades. Additionally, there is a graded mortality risk associated with an elevated fasting plasma total homocysteine (tHcy). Metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are now considered to be a strong coronary heart disease (CHD) risk enhancer and a CHD risk equivalent respectively. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in patients with MS and T2DM would be expected to share a similar prevalence to the general population of five to seven percent and of even greater importance is: Declining glomerular filtration and overt diabetic nephropathy is a major determinant of tHcy elevation in MS and T2DM. There are multiple metabolic toxicities resulting in an excess of reactive oxygen species associated with MS, T2DM, and the accelerated atherosclerosis (atheroscleropathy). HHcy is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and its individual role and how it interacts with the other multiple toxicities are presented.The water-soluble B vitamins (especially folate and cobalamin-vitamin B12) have been shown to lower HHcy. The absence of the cystathionine beta synthase enzyme in human vascular cells contributes to the importance of a dual role of folic acid in lowering tHcy through remethylation, as well as, its action of being an electron and hydrogen donor to the essential cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin. This folate shuttle facilitates the important recoupling of the uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase enzyme reaction and may restore the synthesis of the omnipotent endothelial nitric oxide to the vasculature.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.