ReviewAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2004
Urinary bladder cancer in Wegener's granulomatosis: risks and relation to cyclophosphamide.
Review in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 202 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Position statement of the Brazilian society of Rheumatology on mesna use as a preventive therapy for bladder disease in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases and systemic vasculitis under cyclophosphamide treatment.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2024Guideline
- Pooled it
- Anti-cytokine targeted therapies for ANCA-associated vasculitis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Guideline
- Effects of cyclophosphamide on pulmonary function in patients with scleroderma and interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational prospective cohort studies.Arthritis research & therapy · 2008Pooled it
- Immunosuppressive agents for myasthenia gravis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2007Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of tacrolimus monotherapy in adult-onset nephrotic syndrome caused by idiopathic membranous nephropathy.Renal failure · 2017Trial
- Treatment of active lupus nephritis with the novel immunosuppressant 15-deoxyspergualin: an open-label dose escalation study.Arthritis research & therapy · 2011Trial
- BAFF and APRIL signaling in the B-cell lineage: implications for the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Development of a Nomogram Model to Predict Mortality in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Patients With Pulmonary Involvement.The clinical respiratory journal · 2025Article
- Review
- Risk of cancer and conventional syntethic DMARDS: A narrative review.Northern clinics of Istanbul · 2025Article
- Use of mesna prophylaxis in patients with cyclophosphamide-treated ANCA-associated vasculitis: cross-sectional survey of practitioners.Rheumatology international · 2024Article
- Co-existence of ANCA-associated vasculitides with immune-mediated diseases: a single-center observational study.Rheumatology international · 2024Observational
- The successful treatment of microscopic polyangiitis associated with non-tuberculous mycobacterial-pulmonary disease.CEN case reports · 2024Article
- Kidney transplantation in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis is associated with a high incidence of post-transplant cancer.Journal of nephrology · 2024Article
- ANCA-Positive Small-Vessel Vasculitis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination-A Systematic Review.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Unveiling cancer risk in ANCA-associated vasculitis: result from the Turkish Vasculitis Study Group (TRVaS).Internal and emergency medicine · 2024Article
- The efficacy and safety of Sanqi Qushi Granule in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy --protocol of a multicenter, randomized control trial (SQ-AUTUMN).BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2023Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess and characterise the risk of bladder cancer, and its relation to cyclophosphamide, in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis.
methodsIn the population based, nationwide Swedish Inpatient Register a cohort of 1065 patients with Wegener's granulomatosis, 1969-95, was identified. Through linkage with the Swedish Cancer Register, all subjects in this cohort diagnosed with bladder cancer were identified. Nested within the cohort, a matched case-control study was performed to estimate the association between cyclophosphamide and bladder cancer using odds ratios (ORs) as relative risk. In the cohort the cumulative risk of bladder cancer after Wegener's granulomatosis, and the relative prevalence of a history of bladder cancer at the time of diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis, were also estimated.
resultsThe median cumulative doses of cyclophosphamide among cases (n = 11) and controls (n = 25) were 113 g and 25 g, respectively. The risk of bladder cancer doubled for every 10 g increment in cyclophosphamide (OR = 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8 to 4.9). Treatment duration longer than 1 year was associated with an eightfold increased risk (OR = 7.7, 95% CI 0.9 to 69). The absolute risk for bladder cancer in the cohort reached 10% 16 years after diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis, and a history of bladder cancer was (non-significantly) twice as common as expected at the time of diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis.
conclusionThe results indicate a dose-response relationship between cyclophosphamide and the risk of bladder cancer, high cumulative risks in the entire cohort, and also the possibility of risk factors operating even before Wegener's granulomatosis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.