ArticleInfection and immunity2004
An intravaginal live Candida challenge in humans leads to new hypotheses for the immunopathogenesis of vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 140 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
140 citing papers in PubMed, 246 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epitope unmasking in vulvovaginal candidiasis is associated with hyphal growth and neutrophilic infiltration.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Phenotypic and genotypic analysis ofInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Differential Virulence of VaginalJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Honghe Fujie lotion ameliorates pregnancy-associated vulvovaginal candidiasis in mice by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.Experimental animals · 2026Article
- An In Vitro A-431 Epithelial Cell Infection Model for Studying Fungal Pathogenicity and Immune Responses Associated With Vulvovaginal Candidiasis.Bio-protocol · 2026Article
- Anatomopathological uterine findings ofJournal of medical microbiology · 2026Article
- Biphasic Regulation of Epithelial Antimicrobial Peptides DuringJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Elevated vaginal heparan sulfate correlates with impaired neutrophil killing ofInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- The Role of the Vaginal Microbiome in Gynecological Diseases: Mechanistic Insights and Emerging Interventions.Biology · 2026Review
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- Article
- What is the impact of the virome and mycobiome on female reproductive tract health? A systematic scoping review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Lactic acid in the vaginal milieu modulates theVirulence · 2025Article
- Perspectives on Vaginal Ecology and Management of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: A Narrative Review.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Commensalism and pathogenesis of Candida albicans at the mucosal interface.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Review
- Protective efficacy of the pan-fungal vaccine NXT-2 against vulvovaginal candidiasis in a murine model.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Use of Intravaginal Cooling to Provide Symptom Relief in Women With Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and Reduce Immunopathology in an Accompanying Mouse Model.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Vaginal Candida albicans infections: host-pathogen-microbiome interactions.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Vaginal Transcriptional Signatures of the Neutrophil-Driven Immune Response Correlate With Clinical Severity During Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025Article
80 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Acute and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) remains a significant problem in women of childbearing age. While clinical studies of women with recurrent VVC (RVVC) and animal models have provided important data about a limited protective role of adaptive immunity, there remains a paucity of information on the protective mechanisms or factors associated with susceptibility to infection. In the present study, an intravaginal live Candida challenge in healthy adult women showed a differential susceptibility to symptomatic VVC, where 3 (15%) of 19 women with no history of VVC acquired a symptomatic infection compared to 6 (55%) of 11 women with an infrequent history of VVC. Furthermore, these studies revealed that protection against infection is noninflammatory while symptomatic infection correlates with a vaginal infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and a high vaginal fungal burden. Thus, the presence of symptomatic infection appears more dependent on host factors than on properties of the organism. Finally, vaginal lavage fluid from women with a symptomatic infection, but not those asymptomatically colonized, promoted the chemotaxis of PMNs. These results suggest that rather than RVVC/VVC being caused by an aberrant adaptive immune response, symptoms that define infection appear to be due to an aggressive innate response by PMNs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.