ArticleInfection and immunity2004
Differential regulation of beta-defensin gene expression during Cryptosporidium parvum infection.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammation markers are associated with small extracellular vesicle protein signatures in cows withFrontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Spatial sensing as a strategy for public goods regulation by gut microbes.The ISME journal · 2025Article
- Immunity to Cryptosporidium: insights into principles of enteric responses to infection.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Dendritic Cells andMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Early immune and host cell responses toFrontiers in parasitology · 2023Article
- An update onJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2022Review
- CCR6 expression reduces mouse survival upon malarial challenge with Plasmodium berghei NK65 strain.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2022Article
- Hide-and-Seek: A Game Played between Parasitic Protists and Their Hosts.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Review
- The Mucosal Innate Immune Response toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Article
- Trans-suppression of defense DEFB1 gene in intestinal epithelial cells following Cryptosporidium parvum infection is associated with host delivery of parasite Cdg7_FLc_1000 RNA.Parasitology research · 2018Article
- Nuclear delivery of parasite Cdg2_FLc_0220 RNA transcript to epithelial cells during Cryptosporidium parvum infection modulates host gene transcription.Veterinary parasitology · 2018Article
- Lessons Learned from Protective Immune Responses to Optimize Vaccines against Cryptosporidiosis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- Infection Strategies of Intestinal Parasite Pathogens and Host Cell Responses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Review
- Genome-wide immunity studies in the rabbit: transcriptome variations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after in vitro stimulation by LPS or PMA-Ionomycin.BMC genomics · 2015Article
- A review of the global burden, novel diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine targets for cryptosporidium.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2015Review
- Prospects for immunotherapy and vaccines against Cryptosporidium.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Review
- The new insight into the role of antimicrobial proteins-alarmins in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis.Journal of immunology research · 2014Review
- Antimicrobial Human β-Defensins in the Colon and Their Role in Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Invasion of enterocytes by pathogenic microbes evokes both innate and adaptive immune responses, and microbial pathogens have developed strategies to overcome the initial host immune defense. beta-Defensins are potentially important endogenous antibiotic-like effectors of innate immunity expressed by intestinal epithelia. In this study, the interplay between the enteric protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum and host epithelial beta-defensin expression was investigated. Using human and murine models of infection, we demonstrated that C. parvum infection differentially regulates beta-defensin gene expression. Downregulation of murine beta-defensin-1 mRNA and protein was observed in both in vitro and in vivo models of infection. Infection of the human colonic HT29 cell line with the parasite resulted in differential effects on various members of the defensin gene family. Partial reduction in human beta-defensin-1 (hBD-1), induction of hBD-2, and no effect on hBD-3 gene expression was observed. Recombinant hBD-1 and hBD-2 peptides exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against C. parvum sporozoites in vitro. These findings demonstrate that C. parvum infection of enterocytes may affect the expression of various defensins in different ways and suggest that the overall outcome of the effect of antimicrobial peptides on early survival of the parasite may be complex.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.