ReviewJournal of cellular and molecular medicine
Molecular mechanisms of neuroprotective action of immunosuppressants--facts and hypotheses.
Review in Journal of cellular and molecular medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dosing and safety of cyclosporine in patients with severe brain injury.Journal of neurosurgery · 2008Trial
- Evaluating the Neuroprotective and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Properties of Four Calcineurin Inhibitor Drugs: Tacrolimus, Pimecrolimus, Cyclosporin A, and Voclosporin.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Protective effect of cyclosporine A in the treatment of severe hydronephrosis in a rabbit renal pelvic perfusion modelTurkish journal of medical sciences · 2019Article
- Recent Topics on The Mechanisms of Immunosuppressive Therapy-Related Neurotoxicities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Microglial Calcium Release-Activated Calcium Channel Inhibition Improves Outcome from Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury and Microglia-Induced Neuronal Death.Journal of neurotrauma · 2019Article
- FK506 Attenuated Pilocarpine-Induced Epilepsy by Reducing Inflammation in Rats.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Article
- Neuroprotection by immunomodulatory agents in animal models of Parkinson's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2018Review
- Edaravone and cyclosporine A as neuroprotective agents for acute ischemic stroke.Acute medicine & surgery · 2018Review
- Cyclosporin A attenuating morphine tolerance through inhibiting NO/ERK signaling pathway in human glioblastoma cell line: the involvement of calcineurin.EXCLI journal · 2018Article
- FcRγ-dependent immune activation initiates astrogliosis during the asymptomatic phase of Sandhoff disease model mice.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- The Calcineurin Inhibitor FK506 Prevents Cognitive Impairment by Inhibiting Reactive Astrogliosis in Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus Rats.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2017Article
- Neuroprotective effects of the immunomodulatory drug FK506 in a model of HIV1-gp120 neurotoxicity.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2016Article
- Early cyclosporin A treatment retards axonal degeneration in an experimental peripheral nerve injection injury model.Neural regeneration research · 2015Article
- Calcineurin and its regulator, RCAN1, confer time-of-day changes in susceptibility of the heart to ischemia/reperfusion.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · 2014Article
- Cyclosporin A enhances neural precursor cell survival in mice through a calcineurin-independent pathway.Disease models & mechanisms · 2014Article
- Intraarterial transplantation of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells is more efficacious and safer compared with umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in a rodent stroke model.Stem cell research & therapy · 2014Article
- Early steps of microglial activation are directly affected by neuroprotectant FK506 in both in vitro inflammation and in rat model of stroke.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2012Article
- Regulator of calcineurin 1 (Rcan1) has a protective role in brain ischemia/reperfusion injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2012Article
- FKBP51 protects 661w cell culture from staurosporine-induced apoptosis.Molecular vision · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK506 (Tacrolimus) are short polypeptides which block the activation of lymphocytes and other immune system cells. Immunosuppressants exert neuroprotective and neurotrophic action in traumatic brain injury, sciatic nerve injury, focal and global ischemia in animals. Their neuroprotective actions are not understood and many hypotheses have been formed to explain such effects. We discuss a role of drug target--calcineurin in neuroprotective action of immunosuppressants. Protein dephosphorylation by calcineurin plays an important role in neuronal signal transduction due to its ability to regulate the activity of ion channels, glutamate release, and synaptic plasticity. In vitro FK506 protects cortex neurons from NMDA-induced death, augments NOS phosphorylation inhibiting its activity and NO synthesis. However, in vivo experiments demonstrated that FK506 in neuroprotective doses did not block excitotoxic cell death nor did it alter NO production during ischemia/reperfusion. Tissue damage in ischemia is the result of a complex pathophysiological cascade, which comprises a variety of distinct pathological events. Resident non-neuronal brain cells respond rapidly to neuronal cell death and may have both deleterious and useful role in neuronal damage. There is increasing evidence that reactive gliosis and post-ischemic inflammation involving microglia contribute to ischemic damage. We have demonstrated that FK506 modulates hypertrophic/proliferative responses and proinflammatory cytokine expression in astrocytes and microglia in vitro and in focal transient brain ischemia. Our findings suggest that astrocytes and microglia are direct targets of FK506 and modulation of glial response and inflammation is a possible mechanism of FK506-mediated neuroprotection in ischemia.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.