ReviewClinical pharmacokinetics2004
Spacer devices for metered dose inhalers.
Review in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dupilumab efficacy and safety in patients with moderate to severe asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Examining the effect of salbutamol use in ozone air pollution by people with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.Physiological reports · 2024Trial
- Effect of AeroChamber Plus™ on the lung and systemic bioavailability of beclometasone dipropionate/formoterol pMDI.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2011Trial
- Randomised controlled trial of the efficacy of a metered dose inhaler with bottle spacer for bronchodilator treatment in acute lower airway obstruction.Archives of disease in childhood · 2007Trial
- Article
- Peak Flow Meter and Spacer Use in Adolescents with Asthma: More than Just Ownership.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Proposals for Global Harmonization of Regulations for Testing of Spacers and Valved Holding Chambers for Pressurized Metered Dose Inhalers.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
- Optimization of Albuterol Delivery via Anesthesia Bag in Pediatric Critical Care.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Metered-Dose Inhaler Spacer with Integrated Spirometer for Home-Based Asthma Monitoring and Drug Uptake.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The association between erosive toothwear and asthma - is it significant? A meta-analysis.BDJ open · 2023Article
- Water Uptake by Evaporating pMDI Aerosol Prior to Inhalation Affects Both Regional and Total Deposition in the Respiratory System.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Asthma in the Primary Care Setting.The Medical clinics of North America · 2019Review
- Spacer devices for inhaled therapy: why use them, and how?ERJ open research · 2018Review
- Inhaler technique: facts and fantasies. A view from the Aerosol Drug Management Improvement Team (ADMIT).NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2016Review
- Evaluation of Proper Usage of Glucocorticosteroid Inhalers and Their Adverse Effects in Asthmatic Patients.Tanaffos · 2016Article
- Particle transport and deposition: basic physics of particle kinetics.Comprehensive Physiology · 2013Review
- The challenge of delivering therapeutic aerosols to asthma patients.ISRN allergy · 2013Article
- Aerosol therapy for obstructive lung diseases: device selection and practice management issues.Chest · 2011Review
- Similar Results in Children with Asthma for Steady State Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Ciclesonide Inhaled with or without Spacer.Clinical medicine insights. Pediatrics · 2010Article
- The influence of flow rate on the aerosol deposition profile and electrostatic charge of single and combination metered dose inhalers.Pharmaceutical research · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spacer devices are attachments to the mouthpieces of pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs), and range from tube spacers with a volume of <50 mL to holding chambers with a volume of 750 mL. Compared with a pMDI alone, spacers minimise coordination difficulties, reduce oropharyngeal deposition and often increase lung deposition. Spacers may not improve the clinical effect in patients able to use a pMDI properly, but may allow maintenance dosages of bronchodilators and corticosteroids to be reduced. Correct use of spacer devices is important, especially achieving control over electrostatic charge accumulation on the walls of plastic devices. In patients with severe acute asthma or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a pMDI plus large volume spacer may be a viable alternative to a nebuliser for delivering large bronchodilator doses. Although the addition of a spacer to every pMDI would not be justified, the use of large volume spacers has been recommended for any inhaled asthma drug in young children, and as a means of reducing systemic bioavailability of inhaled corticosteroids in adults and children alike.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.