Trial reportJournal of Korean medical science2004
Six-month therapy with aerosolized interferon-gamma for refractory multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.
Trial report in Journal of Korean medical science, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adjuvant interferon gamma in patients with pulmonary atypical Mycobacteriosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.BMC infectious diseases · 2008Trial
- Prospects of Inhalable Formulations of Conventionally Administered Repurposed Drugs for Adjunctive Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Supporting Evidence from Clinical Trials and Cohort Studies.Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery · 2025Review
- Disseminated tuberculosis associated with deficient interleukin-23/tyrosine kinase 2 signalling.BMJ case reports · 2022Article
- Memory-phenotype CD4JMA journal · 2022Review
- Recent Advances in Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis and Malaria.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Preference of inhalants over pills/injections among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Western India: A cross-sectional study.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2021Article
- Mucosal Therapy of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis With IgA and Interferon-γ.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Host-directed therapies for bacterial and viral infections.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2018Review
- Article
- Host-Directed Therapeutic Strategies for Tuberculosis.Frontiers in medicine · 2017Review
- CD4 T Cell-Derived IFN-γ Plays a Minimal Role in Control of Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Must Be Actively Repressed by PD-1 to Prevent Lethal Disease.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- Immunotherapy for tuberculosis: future prospects.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2016Review
- Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2015Review
- Rising to the challenge: new therapies for tuberculosis.Trends in microbiology · 2013Review
- Pharmacotherapy for multidrug resistant tuberculosis.Journal of pharmacology & pharmacotherapeutics · 2012Article
- Article
- The immunology of tuberculosis: from bench to bedside.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2010Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the adjuvant effects of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) inhalation therapy for six months in the treatment of refractory multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Aerosolized IFN-gamma was given to six MDRTB patients with persistent positive smears and cultures despite long-term medical treatment. The patients received aerosolized two million international units of IFN-gamma three times a week for 6 months while they continued on identical antituberculous chemotherapy. Before IFN-gamma inhalation therapy, the patients received a median of 6.5 (range, 4 to 7) antituberculous drugs for median duration of 29 months (range,7 to 76). After IFN-gamma inhalation therapy, sputum smears remained persistently positive in all patients throughout the study period. Sputum cultures were transiently negative at the 4th month in two patients, but became positive again at the end of 6 months of IFN-gamma therapy. Five patients had radiological improvement including three patients who showed a decrease in the size of the cavitary lesions. Resectional surgery could be performed in one patient in whom substantial clinical and radiological improvement was noted after IFN-gamma inhalation therapy. These results suggest that IFN-gamma inhalation therapy may be effective for some cases of refractory MDR-TB who are otherwise not responding to conventional therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.