ArticleGut2004
Expression and localisation of matrix metalloproteinases and their natural inhibitors in fistulae of patients with Crohn's disease.
Article in Gut, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Biomarkers in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of Crohn's perianal fistulas: a systematic review.Techniques in coloproctology · 2026Pooled it
- A review on MMP-2 modulating agents from natural and synthetic sources and their role in inflammatory bowel disease.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Article
- Inflammatory bowel disease and extracellular matrix: when victim becomes double agent.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Perianal Crohn's Disease in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Diagnosis, Assessment and Treatment.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Spatial fibroblast niches define Crohn's fistulae.Nature · 2026Article
- Proteases in intestinal health and disease.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Special Circumstances in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Role of adiponectin and its receptors AdipoR1/2 in inflammatory bowel disease.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- The improvement of a refractory enterocutaneous fistula with colchicine in a patient with Crohn's disease who had an MEFV gene mutation.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Gut-liver translocation of pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae promotes hepatocellular carcinoma in mice.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Microbiome-microRNA interactions in inflammatory bowel disease: insights from metagenomic and transcriptomic data analysis.Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2025Article
- Multimodal single-cell analyses reveal mechanisms of perianal fistula in diverse patients with Crohn's disease.Med (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- How the Western Diet Thwarts the Epigenetic Efforts of Gut Microbes in Ulcerative Colitis and Its Association with Colorectal Cancer.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Early Growth Response Protein 1 Exacerbates Murine Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Transcriptional Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinase 12.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Matrix metalloproteinases in intestinal fibrosis.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2024Review
- Role of Adipose Tissue Hormones in Pathogenesis of Cryptoglandular Anal Fistula.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Persistent Inflammation of the Rectum in Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease Is Associated With Goblet Cell Function.Gastro hep advances · 2024Review
- AnFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Selected Cytokines and Metalloproteinases in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFistulae are a troublesome complication of Crohn's disease but little is known of the final effector molecules responsible for matrix degradation. Although matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been strongly implicated in tissue injury in Crohn's disease, their role in fistula formation is unknown.
aimTo determine the expression pattern of MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in fistulae of patients with Crohn's disease. PATIENTS AND
methodsResected fistula specimens were obtained from patients with Crohn's disease (n = 11) and classified according to the predominant histological features-that is, acute versus chronic inflammation. Patients with fistulae due to other diseases (n = 9) and normal colon (n = 5) served as controls. MMP and TIMP protein expression was measured by single or double labelled immunohistochemistry, and mRNA expression by in situ hybridisation. MMP activity was measured by gelatin zymography.
resultsCompared with normal colon, strong MMP-3 expression was consistently observed in fistulae in Crohn's disease, irrespective of the stage of inflammatory activity. MMP-3 transcripts and protein were localised in large mononuclear cells and fibroblasts. MMP-9 transcripts and protein were expressed in granulocytes and only in fistulae with acute inflammation. Staining for MMP-1 and MMP-7 was weak and negative for MMP-10, whereas MMP-2 was equally expressed in normal colon and fistulae. TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-3 expression was low in all samples. Similar expression patterns were found in fistulae of the disease control group. Fistulae also expressed active MMP-2 and MMP-9, as measured by gelatin zymography.
conclusionMMP-3 and MMP-9 are markedly upregulated in intestinal fistulae and may contribute to fistula formation through degradation of the extracellular matrix, irrespective of the underlying disease process.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.