ArticleAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2004
How to diagnose axial spondyloarthritis early.
Article in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05655533 (Added Value of Diffusion Weighted MRI in Evaluation of Sacroiliitis in Newly Diagnosed Patients of Spondyloarthropathy.), which is not on this map. Cited by 196 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Added Value of Diffusion Weighted MRI in Evaluation of Sacroiliitis in Newly Diagnosed Patients of Spondyloarthropathy.
Who cites it
196 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 662 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical information on imaging referrals for suspected or known axial spondyloarthritis: recommendations from the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS).Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2024Guideline
- Pooled it
- MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Neuropathic pain in ankylosing spondylitis: a meta-analysis.Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2020Pooled it
- [Long version on the S3 guidelines for axial spondyloarthritis including Bechterew's disease and early forms, Update 2019 : Evidence-based guidelines of the German Society for Rheumatology (DGRh) and participating medical scientific specialist societies and other organizations].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2019Guideline
- Red flags for appropriate referral to the gastroenterologist and the rheumatologist of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and spondyloarthritis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2019Pooled it
- [German Society for Rheumatology S3 guidelines on axial spondyloarthritis including Bechterew's disease and early forms: 5 Initial diagnosis/referral strategy].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2014Guideline
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week trial of infliximab in patients with juvenile-onset spondyloarthritis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2022Trial
- Predictors of long-term clinical response in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis receiving certolizumab pegol.Arthritis research & therapy · 2021Trial
- Is Treatment in Patients With Suspected Nonradiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis Effective? Six-Month Results of a Placebo-Controlled Trial.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2021Trial
- The efficiency of inspiratory muscle training in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.Rheumatology international · 2018Trial
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sixteen-week study of subcutaneous golimumab in patients with active nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2015Trial
- Spinal inflammation in the absence of sacroiliac joint inflammation on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with active nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2014Trial
- Efficacy of certolizumab pegol on signs and symptoms of axial spondyloarthritis including ankylosing spondylitis: 24-week results of a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled Phase 3 study.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2014Trial
- Identifying patients with axial spondyloarthritis in primary care: how useful are items indicative of inflammatory back pain?Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2011Trial
- ¹⁸F-sodium fluoride PET/CT as a complementary measure of osteoblastic disease burden in axial spondyloarthritis: a prospective exploratory study.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Mechanistic Insights from Human Studies in Axial Spondyloarthritis: A T Cell Story.Current rheumatology reports · 2026Review
- Does HLA-B27 Status Influence Ixekizumab Efficacy in Axial Spondyloarthritis? Results From the COAST-V, COAST-W, and COAST-X Trials.Rheumatology and therapy · 2026Article
- IgA anti-CD74 autoantibodies are associated with treatment escalation in peripheral psoriatic arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- MRI-defined sacroiliitis and spinal inflammation in chronic back pain: real-world patterns in axial spondyloarthritis and axial psoriatic arthritis.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2026Article
136 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChronic low back pain (LBP), the leading symptom of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and undifferentiated axial spondyloarthritis (SpA), precedes the development of radiographic sacroiliitis, sometimes by many years.
objectiveTo assign disease probabilities and to develop an algorithm to help in the early diagnosis of axial SpA.
methodsAxial SpA comprises AS and undifferentiated SpA with predominant axial involvement. Clinical features include inflammatory back pain (IBP), alternating buttock pain, enthesitis, arthritis, dactylitis, acute anterior uveitis, a positive family history, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and good response to NSAIDs. Associated laboratory findings include raised acute phase reactions, HLA-B27 association, and abnormalities on skeletal imaging. Sensitivities, specificities, and likelihood ratios (LRs) of these parameters were determined from published studies. A 5% prevalence of axial SpA among patients with chronic LBP was used. The probability of the presence of axial SpA, depending on the presence or absence of the above clinical features of SpA, was determined. A probability of > or = 90% was used to make a diagnosis of axial SpA.
resultsThe presence of inflammatory back pain features increased the probability of axial SpA from the background 5% prevalence to 14%. The presence of 2-3 SpA features was necessary to increase the probability of axial SpA to 90%. The highest LRs were obtained for HLA-B27 and MRI. Diagnostic algorithms to be used in daily practice were suggested.
conclusionsThis approach can help clinicians to diagnose with a high degree of confidence axial SpA at an early stage in patients with IBP who lack radiographic sacroiliitis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.