ReviewInfectious disease clinics of North America2004
Evolution of virulence.
Review in Infectious disease clinics of North America, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- Streptococcus pyogenes carriage is associated with distinct in vivo transcriptional states but not carrier-specific genotypes.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Zika Virus: A Tale of Two Lineages.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Disentangling the role of parasite infectivity and density from host susceptibility in infection development and parasite proliferation.Biology letters · 2025Article
- Viral epidemic potential is not uniformly distributed across the bat phylogeny.Communications biology · 2025Article
- African strains of Zika virus resist ISG-mediated restriction.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Group B streptococcal infections in pregnancy and early life.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Variation in bacterial pathotype is consistent with the sit-and-wait hypothesis.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2024Article
- Evolutionary Invasion Analysis of Modern Epidemics Highlights the Context-Dependence of Virulence Evolution.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2024Article
- An economon model of drug addiction.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Microbes and Mental Illness: Past, Present, and Future.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Racism is not about "race".Scientific reports · 2023Article
- New perspectives on the contribution of sanitary investments to mortality decline in English cities, 1845-1909.The Economic history review · 2023Article
- Animal movement and associated infectious disease risk in a metapopulation.Royal Society open science · 2023Article
- How didFrontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Variant Delta Potently Suppresses Innate Immune Response and Evades Interferon-Activated Antiviral Responses in Human Colon Epithelial Cells.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Hepatitis B Virus Genotype G: The Odd Cousin of the Family.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Mathematical modeling and optimal control of SARS-CoV-2 and tuberculosis co-infection: a case study of Indonesia.Modeling earth systems and environment · 2022Article
- Host Manipulation Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2.Acta biotheoretica · 2021Article
- SARS-CoV-2 mutational cascades and the risk of hyper-exponential growth.Microbial pathogenesis · 2021Article
- Variants in SARS-CoV-2 associated with mild or severe outcome.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
At the close of the 19th century, the germ theory had generated a new understanding of the causes of acute infectious diseases and revealed new directions for study. This understanding contributed to the greatest improvements in health in the history of medicine. At the end of the 20th century, the second stage of this disciplinary development is occurring. The old germ theory is being expanded into a new germ theory, which, by integrated the full spectrum of biologic disciplines. This new germ theory is emphasizing how environments and human activities influence the characteristics of infectious agents and the broader role of infection as a cause of chronic diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.