ArticleJournal of virology2004
Epistatic effects of immunoglobulin GM and KM allotypes on outcome of infection with hepatitis C virus.
Article in Journal of virology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunoglobulin genes and the acquisition of HIV infection in a randomized trial of recombinant adenovirus HIV vaccine.Virology · 2013Trial
- Immunoglobulin GM (γ marker) allotypes and their role in immune response and disease susceptibility.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Review
- Epistatic effects of immunoglobulin KM (κ marker) allotypes andJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- GM Allotypes and COVID-19. A Pilot Study Performed on Sicilian Patients.Translational medicine @ UniSa · 2022Article
- Beyond Allotypes: The Influence of Allelic Diversity in Antibody Constant Domains.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Interactive Effects of Immunoglobulin Gamma and Human Leucocyte Antigen Genotypes on Response to Interferon Based Therapy of Hepatitis C Virus.Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences · 2015Article
- Immunoglobulin GM Genes, Cytomegalovirus Immunoevasion, and the Risk of Glioma, Neuroblastoma, and Breast Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2014Review
- The forgotten tale of immunoglobulin allotypes in cancer risk and treatment.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2013Article
- Association between immunoglobulin GM and KM genotypes and placental malaria in HIV-1 negative and positive women in western Kenya.PloS one · 2013Article
- Epistatic interactions between Fc (GM) and FcγR genes and the host control of human immunodeficiency virus replication.Human immunology · 2012Article
- Genetic markers of IgG influence the outcome of infection with hepatitis C virus.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2008Article
- Host genetic factors and antiviral immune responses to hepatitis C virus.Clinics in liver disease · 2008Review
- Hepatitis C virus core protein discriminates between the two IgG2 allotypes.Viral immunology · 2008Article
- Immunoglobulin allotypes influence IgG antibody responses to hepatitis C virus envelope proteins E1 and E2.Human immunology · 2008Article
- Interactive effects of immunoglobulin gamma and human leucocyte antigen genotypes on clearance and persistence of infection with hepatitis C virus.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2007Article
- Fc gamma receptor-like hepatitis C virus core protein binds differentially to IgG of discordant Fc (GM) genotypes.Molecular immunology · 2007Article
- Immunoglobulin GM and KM allotypes and prevalence of anti-LKM1 autoantibodies in patients with hepatitis C virus infection.Journal of virology · 2006Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immunoglobulin GM and KM allotypes-genetic markers of gamma and kappa chains, respectively-are associated with immune responsiveness to several infectious pathogens and with survival in certain viral epidemics. We hypothesized that GM and KM allotypes affect the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. To test this hypothesis, we serologically allotyped 100 persons with well-documented clearance of HCV infection and 198 matched persistently infected persons. None of the GM or KM phenotypes by itself was associated with the clearance or persistence of HCV infection. Particular combinations of these phenotypes, however, were significantly associated with the outcome of HCV infection. Subjects with GM 1,17 5,13 and KM 1,3 phenotypes were over three times (odds ratio [OR], 3.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44 to 8.87) as likely to clear the infection as the subjects who lacked these phenotypes. This GM phenotype had a similar association with clearance in the absence of KM 3 (OR, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.21 to 6.23). The presence of GM 1,3,17 23 5,13 phenotype (in the absence of KM 3) was associated with persistence (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.77), while its absence (in the presence of KM 1,3) was associated with the clearance of infection (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.16 to 3.54). These results show epistatic interactions of genes on chromosomes 14 (GM) and 2 (KM) in influencing the outcome of an HCV infection. Further investigations involving candidate genes (GM, KM, HLA, and Fcgamma receptors) and cellular and humoral immune responses to HCV epitopes are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these associations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.