ReviewArthritis research & therapy2004
Multiple functions for CD28 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 during different phases of T cell responses: implications for arthritis and autoimmune diseases.
Review in Arthritis research & therapy, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4Heliyon · 2024Article
- PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in cold colorectal cancer: challenges and strategies.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Review
- Article
- Tumor immunotherapies by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); the pros and cons.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2022Review
- Immune checkpoints in targeted-immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer: New hope for clinical development.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2021Review
- A novel monoclonal antibody against human B7-1 protects against chronic graft-vs.-host disease in a murine lupus nephritis model.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2020Article
- The Influence ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- CTLA-4 Mediates Inhibitory Function of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Association of the Co-stimulatory Molecules Polymorphisms with CMV Infection in Liver Transplant Recipients.International journal of organ transplantation medicine · 2011Article
- Altered T-cell subtypes in spondyloarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and polymyalgia rheumatica.Rheumatology international · 2010Article
- Chronic antigenic stimuli as a possible explanation for the immunodepression caused by liver cirrhosis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2009Article
- Article
- Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 promoter -658CT gene polymorphism is associated with ulcerative colitis in Chinese patients.International journal of colorectal disease · 2009Article
- Association of CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms with sporadic breast cancer in Chinese Han population.BMC cancer · 2007Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic T cell responses, as they occur in rheumatoid arthritis, are complex and are likely to involve many mechanisms. There is a growing body of evidence that, in concert with the T cell antigen receptor signal, CD28 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4; CD152) are the primary regulators of T cell responses. Whereas CD28 primarily activates T cell processes, CTLA-4 inhibits them. The mechanism for this dichotomy is not fully understood, especially as CD28 and CTLA-4 recruit similar signalling molecules. In addition, recent studies demonstrate that CD28 and CTLA-4 have multiple functions during T cell responses. In particular, CTLA-4 exerts independent distinct effects during different phases of T cell responses that could be exploited for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.