Evidence map›Paper›PMID 15058800›Full record

ArticleQuality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation2004

The value of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for comparing women with early onset breast cancer with population-based reference women.

R H Osborne, G R Elsworth, M A G Sprangers, F J Oort, J L Hopper

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In one paragraph

Article in Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  15. Internal validation methods to detect patient characteristics associated with differential item functioning in patient-reported outcome measures.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
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  19. BMJ open · 2023
    Article
  20. Pancreatic Cancer Surgery: What Matters to Patients?Journal of clinical medicine · 2023
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

R H OsborneCentre for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia. richardo@unimelb.edu.au
G R Elsworth
M A G Sprangers
F J Oort
J L Hopper

Funding

Targeted Prodrug Therapy of Liver CancersR01CA095003 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI KUO, MACUS T · 2002 to 2005
$1.1M
NCI NIH HHS CA-95-003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is frequently used in cancer studies, yet its utility for comparing people with cancer with people in the community is uncertain.

methodsHADS scores were obtained from population-based samples of women with (n = 731) and without (n = 158) early-onset breast cancer. Psychometric properties were examined using differential item functioning (DIF) which is the presence of systematic group differences in certain response items independent of the trait being measured.

resultsWomen with breast cancer scored lower than reference women on anxiety (mean (SD) 7.5 (4.3) vs. 8.2 (4.0); p = 0.06) and depression (3.3 (3.2) vs. 4.2 (3.0); p = 0.003). Group differences remained following adjustment for demographics. Time since diagnosis was not related to anxiety or depression scores. DIF was present in two anxiety and five depression items. Adjustment for DIF did not substantially change the anxiety or depression group differences.

conclusionSpecific sampling or DIF effects do not explain the observation that women with breast cancer have lower levels of anxiety and depression than population controls. The psychometric properties of the HADS appear to be acceptable in these groups.

Indexed as

PsychometricsSickness Impact ProfileAdultAge of OnsetAnxietyAustraliaBreast NeoplasmsCase-Control StudiesDepressionFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansMiddle AgedNeoplasm StagingRegistriesSelf-Assessment

Identifiers

PMID15058800

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.