ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2004
Transcutaneous immunization induces mucosal CTLs and protective immunity by migration of primed skin dendritic cells.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 204 citations in OpenAlex.
- Innate gene signature distinguishes humoral versus cytotoxic responses to influenza vaccination.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Skin patch delivery of a SARS-CoV-2 spike DNA vaccine produces broad neutralising antibody responses.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Novel vaccine strategies to induce respiratory mucosal immunity: advances and implications.MedComm · 2025Review
- Immune cell trafficking: a novel perspective on the gut-skin axis.Inflammation and regeneration · 2024Review
- Non-Invasive Vaccines: Challenges in Formulation and Vaccine Adjuvants.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Ionic Liquid-Based Transcutaneous Peptide Antitumor Vaccine: Therapeutic Effect in a Mouse Tumor Model.The AAPS journal · 2023Article
- Review
- cGAMP-adjuvanted multivalent influenza mRNA vaccines induce broadly protective immunity through cutaneous vaccination in mice.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of an Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli CFA/I Adhesin-Heat-Labile Toxin Chimera.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
- Transcutaneous Vaccination with Conjugate Typhoid Vaccine Vi-DT Induces Systemic, Mucosal, and Memory Anti-Polysaccharide Responses.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- Article
- Evaluation of the reactogenicity, adjuvanticity and antigenicity of LT(R192G) and LT(R192G/L211A) by intradermal immunization in mice.PloS one · 2019Article
- Noninvasive vaccination against infectious diseases.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Review
- Lipid-Based Particles: Versatile Delivery Systems for Mucosal Vaccination against Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Multigenic DNA vaccine induces protective cross-reactive T cell responses against heterologous influenza virus in nonhuman primates.PloS one · 2017Article
- Mucosal vaccine delivery: Current state and a pediatric perspective.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2016Review
- Induction of mucosal immunity through systemic immunization: Phantom or reality?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2016Article
- Intradermal immunisation using the TLR3-ligand Poly (I:C) as adjuvant induces mucosal antibody responses and protects against genital HSV-2 infection.NPJ vaccines · 2016Article
- Topical CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Adjuvant Enhances the Adaptive Immune Response against Influenza A Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Transcutaneous immunization (TCI), the application of vaccines on the skin, induces robust systemic and mucosal antibodies in animal models and in humans. The means by which mucosal immune responses to vaccine antigens are elicited by TCI has not been well characterized. We examined the effect of TCI with an HIV peptide vaccine on the induction of mucosal and systemic CTL responses and protective immunity against mucosal challenge with live virus in mice. Robust HIV-specific CTL responses in the spleen and in the gut mucosa were detected after TCI. The responses were dependent upon the addition of an adjuvant and resulted in protection against mucosal challenge with recombinant vaccinia virus encoding HIV gp160. Although it is clear that adjuvant-activated DCs migrated mainly to draining lymph nodes, coculture with specific T cells and flow cytometry studies with DCs isolated from Peyer's patches after TCI suggested that activated DCs carrying skin-derived antigen also migrated from the skin to immune-inductive sites in gut mucosa and presented antigen directly to resident lymphocytes. These results and previous clinical trial results support the observation that TCI is a safe and effective strategy for inducing strong mucosal antibody and CTL responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.