ArticleImmunology2004
The interaction of streptococcal inhibitor of complement (SIC) and its proteolytic fragments with the human beta defensins.
Article in Immunology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Presence of Group A streptococcus frequently assayed virulence genes in invasive disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Host-response trajectories in necrotizing fasciitis: host-pathogen interactions, immune evasion, and immunoparalysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Extracellular defense of bacteria against antimicrobial peptides.Journal of bacteriology · 2025Review
- Mechanisms that potentially contribute to the development of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.Pathogens and disease · 2024Review
- Categorizing Sequences of Concern by Function To Better Assess Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis.Infection and immunity · 2022Review
- Article
- Vaccine-induced, but not natural immunity, against the Streptococcal inhibitor of complement protects against invasive disease.NPJ vaccines · 2021Article
- Toxins and Superantigens of Group A Streptococci.Microbiology spectrum · 2019Article
- Streptococcal inhibitor of complement (SIC) modulates fibrinolysis and enhances bacterial survival within fibrin clots.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2018Article
- Protein SIC Secreted fromFrontiers in immunology · 2018Observational
- Targeting and inactivation of bacterial toxins by human defensins.Biological chemistry · 2017Review
- Seropositivity for Antibodies to DRS-G, a Virulence Factor from Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, Is an Independent Risk Factor for Poststreptococcus Glomerulonephritis and Chronic Kidney Disease in Mumbai, India.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2015Article
- DrsG from Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis inhibits the antimicrobial peptide LL-37.Infection and immunity · 2014Article
- Disease manifestations and pathogenic mechanisms of Group A Streptococcus.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2014Review
- Horizontal gene transfer and recombination in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2014Article
- Antibiotic development challenges: the various mechanisms of action of antimicrobial peptides and of bacterial resistance.Frontiers in microbiology · 2013Review
- Protective mechanisms of respiratory tract Streptococci against Streptococcus pyogenes biofilm formation and epithelial cell infection.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2013Article
- Characterization of released polypeptides during an interferon-γ-dependent antibacterial response in airway epithelial cells.Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2012Article
- Cationic antimicrobial peptides disrupt the Streptococcus pyogenes ExPortal.Molecular microbiology · 2012Article
- Antimicrobial peptides: agents of border protection for companion animals.Veterinary dermatology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Streptococcal inhibitor of complement (SIC) is a 31 kDa extracellular protein produced by a few highly virulent strains of Streptococcus pyogenes (in particular the M1 strain). It has been shown additionally to inhibit four further components of the mucosal innate response-lysozyme, secretory leucocyte proteinase inhibitor, human alpha-defensin 1 and the cathelicidin LL-37 which are all bactericidal against Group A Streptococci (GAS). We now show that SIC also inhibits variably the antibacterial action of hBD-1, -2 and -3. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), SIC binds strongly to hBD-2 and hBD-3, but not at all to hBD-1. Investigation of the antimicrobial action of beta-defensins hBD-1, -2 and -3 against GAS in two different buffer systems shows that both the killing efficiencies of all three defensins, and the binding of SIC to them, occurs more efficiently in 10 mm Tris buffer than in 10 mm phosphate. The lower ionic strength of the Tris buffer may underlie this effect. hBD-1 kills the M1 strain of GAS only in 10 mm Tris, but is able to kill an M6 (SIC negative) strain in 10 mm phosphate. The inhibition of hBD-3 by SIC is clearly of physiological relevance, that of hBD-2 is likely to be so, but the inhibition of hBD-1 occurs only at lower ionic strength than is likely to be encountered in vivo. Elastase digestion of SIC yields three major fragments of MW 3.843 kDa comprising residues 1-33 (fragment A); 10.369 kDa comprising residues 34-126 (fragment B); and MW 16.487 kDa, comprising residues 127-273 (fragment C). By ELISA, only fragment B binds to hBD-2 and hBD-3 and this may indicate the inhibitory portion of the SIC molecule.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.