ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2004
HetR homodimer is a DNA-binding protein required for heterocyst differentiation, and the DNA-binding activity is inhibited by PatS.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coordination of NProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Co-option of an ancestral peptidase controls developmental patterning in multicellular cyanobacteria.iScience · 2026Article
- Hacking heterocysts: advances in the genetic regulation of heterocyst differentiation.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- R-DeeP/TripepSVM identifies the RNA-binding OB-fold-like protein PatR as regulator of heterocyst patterning.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- PatU3 plays a central role in coordinating cell division and differentiation in pattern formation of filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. PCC 7120.Science China. Life sciences · 2023Article
- Evaluating EcxR for Its Possible Role inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Terminal heterocyst differentiation in the Anabaena patA mutant as a result of post-transcriptional modifications and molecular leakage.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
- Interaction network among factors involved in heterocyst-patterning in cyanobacteria.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2022Article
- The Heterocyst-Specific Small RNA NsiR1 Regulates the Commitment to Differentiation in Nostoc.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Genome Analysis Coupled With Transcriptomics Reveals the Reduced Fitness of a Hot Spring CyanobacteriumFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Mathematical models of nitrogen-fixing cell patterns in filamentous cyanobacteria.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- c-di-GMP Homeostasis Is Critical for Heterocyst Development inFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Inactivation of Three RG(S/T)GR Pentapeptide-Containing Negative Regulators of HetR Results in Lethal Differentiation ofLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- HetL, HetR and PatS form a reaction-diffusion system to control pattern formation in the cyanobacteriumeLife · 2020Article
- The small CaBMC microbiology · 2020Article
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- The Pkn22 Kinase ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- The Ser/Thr Kinase PknH Is Essential for Maintaining Heterocyst Pattern in the CyanobacteriumLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Phenotypic Assessment Suggests Multiple Start Codons for HetN, an Inhibitor of Heterocyst Differentiation, in Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120.Journal of bacteriology · 2018Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
HetR plays a key role in regulation of heterocyst differentiation. When the Cys-48 residue of the HetR from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 was replaced with an Ala residue, the mutant HetR (HetR(C48A)) could not dimerize, indicating that HetR forms a homodimer through a disulfide bond. The Anabaena strain C48, containing the hetRc48a gene, could not produce HetR homodimer and failed to form heterocyst. We show that HetR is a DNA-binding protein and that its homodimerization is required for the DNA binding. HetR binds the promoter regions of hetR, hepA, and patS, suggesting a direct control of the expression of these genes by HetR. We present evidence that shows that the up-regulation of patS and hetR depends on DNA binding by HetR dimer. The pentapeptide RGSGR, which is present at the C terminus of PatS and blocks heterocyst formation, inhibits the DNA binding of HetR and prevents hetR up-regulation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.