ArticleInfection and immunity2004
Role of extracellular phospholipases and mononuclear phagocytes in dissemination of cryptococcosis in a murine model.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reconsidering the blood-brain barrier: histopathology and microanatomy of cryptococcal CNS infection.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Pathogenicity and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans from an environmental perspective.Virulence · 2025Review
- Macropinocytosis mediates neurotropism ofResearch square · 2025Article
- Insight into the Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance of Antifungal Heteroresistance.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Role of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex Activator Cdh1 in the Virulence ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Elements of dissemination in cryptococcosis.mBio · 2024Review
- Mechanisms and Virulence Factors ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The pathways and the mechanisms by whichMycology · 2024Review
- Measuring Urease and Phospholipase Secretion in Cryptococcus neoformans.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Phospholipase B Is Critical for Cryptococcus neoformans Survival in the Central Nervous System.mBio · 2023Article
- Article
- Cryptococcal granulomas of basal ganglia due to Cryptococcus neoformans in a cat: a case report and literature review.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2023Review
- Effects of altered N-glycan structures of Cryptococcus neoformans mannoproteins, MP98 (Cda2) and MP84 (Cda3), on interaction with host cells.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Cryptococcal infection causing longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis in an immunocompetent individual: Case report and literature review.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Could the Lung Be a Gateway for Amphotericin B to Attack the Army of Fungi?Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Review
- Blood vessel occlusion by Cryptococcus neoformans is a mechanism for haemorrhagic dissemination of infection.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Macrophage Mediated Immunomodulation DuringFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Mechanisms of fungal dissemination.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Secreted phospholipase B (PLB) activity promotes the survival and replication of Cryptococcus neoformans in macrophages in vitro. We therefore investigated the role of mononuclear phagocytes and cryptococcal PLB in the dissemination of infection in a mouse model, using C. neoformans var. grubii wild-type strain H99, a PLB1 deletion mutant (Delta plb1), and a reconstituted strain (Delta plb1(rec)). PLB facilitated the entry of endotracheally administered cryptococci into lung IM. PLB was also required for lymphatic spread from the lung to regional lymph nodes and for entry into the blood. Langhans-type giant cells containing budding cryptococci were seen free in the lymphatic sinuses of hilar nodes of H99- and Delta plb1(rec)-infected mice, suggesting that they may have a role in the dissemination of cryptococcal infection. The transfer of infected lung macrophages to recipient mice by tail vein injections demonstrated that these cells can facilitate hematogenous dissemination of cryptococci to the brain, independent of cryptococcal PLB secretion. PLB activities of cryptococci isolated from lung macrophages or infected brains were not persistently increased. We conclude that mononuclear phagocytes are a vehicle for cryptococcal dissemination and that PLB activity is necessary for the initiation of interstitial pulmonary infections and for dissemination from the lung via the lymphatics and blood. PLB is not, however, essential for the establishment of neurological infections when cryptococci are presented within, or after passage through, mononuclear phagocytes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.