ArticleJournal of human hypertension2004
End-digit preference in blood pressure recordings of patients with ischaemic heart disease in primary care.
Article in Journal of human hypertension, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sources of inaccuracy in the measurement of adult patients' resting blood pressure in clinical settings: a systematic review.Journal of hypertension · 2017Pooled it
- End-digit preference of readings of grip strength measured with analogue-display devices.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Zero End-Digit Preference in Blood Pressure and Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction-A Study in New Zealand.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Observational
- Are self-reported telemonitored blood pressure readings affected by end-digit preference: a prospective cohort study in Scotland.BMJ open · 2018Article
- Relations of body weight status in early adulthood and weight changes until middle age with hypertension in the Chinese population.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2016Article
- Challenges in standardization of blood pressure measurement at the population level.BMC medical research methodology · 2015Article
- Manual or automated sphygmomanometer? A historical cohort to quantify measurement bias in blood pressure recording.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2014Article
- Are anesthesia start and end times randomly distributed? The influence of electronic records.Journal of clinical anesthesia · 2014Article
- An example of end-digit preference in physiotherapy practice.Physiotherapy Canada. Physiotherapie Canada · 2013Article
- Methods and dimensions of electronic health record data quality assessment: enabling reuse for clinical research.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2013Review
- Blood pressure recording bias during a period when the Quality and Outcomes Framework was introduced.Journal of human hypertension · 2009Article
- The QICKD study protocol: a cluster randomised trial to compare quality improvement interventions to lower systolic BP in chronic kidney disease (CKD) in primary care.Implementation science : IS · 2009Article
- End-digits preference for self-reported height depends on language.BMC public health · 2008Article
- Modeling heaping in self-reported cigarette counts.Statistics in medicine · 2008Article
- Impact of terminal digit preference by family physicians and sphygmomanometer calibration errors on blood pressure value: implication for hypertension screening.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2008Article
- The Visual Analog rating Scale of health-related quality of life: an examination of end-digit preferences.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2005Article
- The impact of implementing national hypertension guidelines on prevalence and workload in primary care: a population-based survey of older people.Journal of human hypertension · 2005Article
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4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
End-digit preference describes the disproportionate selection of specific end digits. The rounding of figures might lead to either an under- or over-recording of blood pressure (BP) and a lack of accuracy and reliability in treatment decisions. A total of 85 000 BP values taken from computerised general practice records of ischaemic heart disease patients in England between 2001 and 2003 were examined. Zero preference accounts for 64% of systolic and 59% of diastolic readings, compared with an expected frequency of 10% (P<0.000001). Even numbers are more frequently seen than odd numbers. In all, 64% of nonzero systolic recordings and 65% of diastolic recordings ended in even numbers, compared with expected proportions of 44% (P<0.0001). Among the nonzero even numbers, eight is the most frequently observed: 28% of systolic and 31% of diastolic recordings compared with an expected proportion of 25% (P<0.0001). Among the five nonzero odd numbers, five is the most frequently observed end digit, representing 59% systolic and 62% of diastolic compared with an expected level of 20% (P<0.00001). English general practice displays marked end-digit preference. This is strongly for the end-digit zero. However, there is more use of other end-digits, notably 8 and 5. This bias potentially carries important treatment consequences for this high-risk population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
15037875What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.