Trial reportArchives of disease in childhood2004
Cycle helmet ownership and use; a cluster randomised controlled trial in primary school children in deprived areas.
Trial report in Archives of disease in childhood, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 11 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Characteristics and practices of school-based cluster randomised controlled trials for improving health outcomes in pupils in the United Kingdom: a methodological systematic review.BMC medical research methodology · 2021Pooled it
- Non-legislative interventions for the promotion of cycle helmet wearing by children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2011Pooled it
- Promoting bicycle helmet wearing by children using non-legislative interventions: systematic review and meta-analysis.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2007Pooled it
- Accidents in Primary Education Schools: Findings from a Nurse-Led Drama-Based Prevention Program.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of road safety interventions: An evidence and gap map.Campbell systematic reviews · 2024Article
- Helmets for Kids: evaluation of a school-based helmet intervention in Cambodia.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2016Article
- Bicycle helmet use and bicycling-related injury among young Canadians: an equity analysis.International journal for equity in health · 2013Article
- Demographic, socioeconomic, and attitudinal associations with children's cycle-helmet use in the absence of legislation.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2007Article
- Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in children receiving intensive care in the UK.Archives of disease in childhood · 2005Article
- Binge drinking.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2005Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo assess the effectiveness of two different educational interventions plus free cycle helmets, in increasing cycle helmet ownership and use.
methodsA cluster randomised controlled trial was carried out in 28 primary schools in deprived areas of Nottingham, involving 1213 year 5 schoolchildren (age 9 and 10). Children received either a helmet + educational pack (educational pack and order form for free cycle helmet) or a helmet + multifaceted intervention (educational pack, order form for free cycle helmet, school assembly, lesson devoted to cycle helmet education, and an invitation to a school based cycling event).
resultsThe helmet + educational pack was as effective as the helmet + multifaceted intervention in terms of helmet ownership (OR 1.51, 95% CI 0.50 to 4.58) and wearing (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.68). Helmet ownership significantly increased from baseline with both interventions, and wearing significantly increased from baseline with the helmet + educational pack. The interventions reduced the inequality in helmet ownership between children residing in deprived and non-deprived areas that had been present prior to the study.
conclusionsAn educational pack plus a form to order a free cycle helmet is an effective way of increasing bicycle helmet ownership and use and reduces inequalities in helmet ownership among children in deprived areas. Further work is needed to determine the length of the effect of such interventions.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.