ArticleLancet (London, England)2004
Relative rates of non-pneumonic SARS coronavirus infection and SARS coronavirus pneumonia.
Article in Lancet (London, England), 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to SARS-coronavirus in asymptomatic or subclinical population groups.Epidemiology and infection · 2006Pooled it
- Cytokine release syndrome in COVID-19: Innate immune, vascular, and platelet pathogenic factors differ in severity of disease and sex.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2021Trial
- Development of an ELISA for SARS-CoV-2 Detection Focusing on Antibodies against Nucleocapsid Protein.Archives of Razi Institute · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Test Based on a New Anti-Nucleocapsid Protein Monoclonal Antibody: Development and Real-Time Validation.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- A urine-based ELISA with recombinant non-glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Assessment of transmissibility and measures effectiveness of SARS in 8 regions, China, 2002-2003.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Development and validation of an enzyme-linked immunoassay kit for diagnosis and surveillance of COVID-19.Journal of clinical virology plus · 2022Article
- Comparison of Cell Fusions Induced by Influenza Virus and SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Recent advances in immunoassay technologies for the detection of human coronavirus infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Upper Airways Spray for Viral Infections Prevention.Journal of immunology research · 2022Observational
- COVID-19: why not learn from the past?Frontiers of medicine · 2021Article
- A Sensitive and Specific Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Serodiagnosis of COVID-19 in Animals.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- False-positive colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip assay reactions for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with autoimmune diseases.Annals of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- COVID-19 vaccine: where are we now and where should we go?Expert review of vaccines · 2021Review
- Benefits and limitations of serological assays in COVID-19 infection.The Indian journal of tuberculosis · 2020Review
- High SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence among healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 patients.The Journal of infection · 2020Article
- A broad-spectrum virus- and host-targeting peptide against respiratory viruses including influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough the genome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has been sequenced and a possible animal reservoir identified, seroprevalence studies and mass screening for detection of subclinical and non-pneumonic infections are still lacking.
methodsWe cloned and purified the nucleocapsid protein and spike polypeptide of SARS-CoV and examined their immunogenicity with serum from patients with SARS-CoV pneumonia. An ELISA based on recombinant nucleocapsid protein for IgG detection was tested with serum from 149 healthy blood donors who donated 3 years previously and with serum positive for antibodies against SARS-CoV (by indirect immunofluorescence assay) from 106 patients with SARS-CoV pneumonia. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV was studied with the ELISA in healthy blood donors who donated during the SARS outbreak in Hong Kong, non-pneumonic hospital inpatients, and symptom-free health-care workers. All positive samples were confirmed by two separate western-blot assays (with recombinant nucleocapsid protein and recombinant spike polypeptide).
findingsWestern-blot analysis showed that the nucleocapsid protein and spike polypeptide of SARS-CoV are highly immunogenic. The specificity of the IgG antibody test (ELISA with positive samples confirmed by the two western-blot assays) was 100%, and the sensitivity was 94.3%. Three of 400 healthy blood donors who donated during the SARS outbreak and one of 131 non-pneumonic paediatric inpatients were positive for IgG antibodies, confirmed by the two western-blot assays (total, 0.48% of our study population).
interpretationOur findings support the existence of subclinical or non-pneumonic SARS-CoV infections. Such infections are more common than SARS-CoV pneumonia in our locality.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.