ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2004
GAD65 antibody isotypes and epitope recognition during the prediabetic process in siblings of children with type I diabetes.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Type 1 Diabetes and Other Autoimmune Diseases-Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Screening.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Review
- Altered IgGBiomedicines · 2025Article
- Autoantibodies to N-terminally Truncated GAD65(96-585): HLA Associations and Predictive Value for Type 1 Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Observational
- Immunoglobulin M gene association with autoantibody reactivity and type 1 diabetes.Immunogenetics · 2017Article
- Risk of allergic conjunctivitis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a population-based retrospective cohort study.BMJ open · 2017Article
- ELISA Test for Analyzing of Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Autoantibodies (GAD and IA2) in Children and Adolescents.Acta informatica medica : AIM : journal of the Society for Medical Informatics of Bosnia & Herzegovina : casopis Drustva za medicinsku informatiku BiH · 2016Article
- Article
- GAD autoantibody affinity in schoolchildren from the general population.Diabetologia · 2014Article
- Detection and isolation of auto-reactive human antibodies from primary B cells.Methods (San Diego, Calif.) · 2013Article
- The pathologic and clinical intersection of atopic and autoimmune disease.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2012Review
- Humoral autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes: prediction, significance, and detection of distinct disease subtypes.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2012Review
- Immunoglobulin subclass profiles of anti-idiotypic antibodies to GAD65Ab differ between type 1 diabetes patients and healthy individuals.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2011Article
- Article
- IA-2 antibody isotypes and epitope specificity during the prediabetic process in children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type I diabetes.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2006Article
- PTPN22 polymorphism and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in combination strongly predicts future onset of rheumatoid arthritis and has a specificity of 100% for the disease.Arthritis research & therapy · 2006Article
- Epitope analysis of insulin autoantibodies using recombinant Fab.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2005Article
- Dynamic changes of GAD65 autoantibody epitope specificities in individuals at risk of developing type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2005Article
- Analysis of families in the multiple autoimmune disease genetics consortium (MADGC) collection: the PTPN22 620W allele associates with multiple autoimmune phenotypes.American journal of human genetics · 2005Article
- The PTPN22 R620W polymorphism associates with RF positive rheumatoid arthritis in a dose-dependent manner but not with HLA-SE status.Genes and immunity · 2005Article
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6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We observed 42 initially non-diabetic siblings of affected children to characterize the humoral immune response to the 65 kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) in preclinical type I diabetes. During the observation period with a mean duration of 9.6 years 21 siblings progressed to type I diabetes. The humoral immune response to GAD65 was observed initially as a simultaneous response to the middle (M) and carboxy (C)-terminal regions of the GAD65 molecule in most cases, and if the response was restricted initially to the middle region, it spread rapidly to the C-terminal domain and in a few cases later to the amino (N)-terminal domain. There was some heterogeneity in the GAD65 isotype response, but it was composed mainly of antibodies of immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 subclass. Responses of IgG2-, IgG4-, IgM- and IgA-GAD65Ab were observed frequently, whereas IgE- and IgG3-GAD65Ab responses were seen more rarely. Initially, the non-progressors tended more often to have IgG2- and IgG4-GAD65Ab than the progressors. As a sign of a dynamic process a significant isotype spreading was seen for IgG2-GAD65Ab (P < 0.05) and close to significant for IgM (P = 0.06) among progressors and for IgM-GAD65Ab (P < 0.05) among non-progressors during the observation period. This study failed to identify any GAD65 epitope- or isotype-specific antibody reactivity that could be used as a marker for progression to disease, as such progression was not associated with any specific changes in reactivity over time. Our findings indicate that epitope- and isotype-specific GAD65 antibodies are hardly capable of separating progressors from non-progressors among GAD65Ab-positive first-degree relatives of children with type I diabetes.
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