ReviewImmunology2004
Central and peripheral autoantigen presentation in immune tolerance.
Review in Immunology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiple sclerosis: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Parasitic Infection and Host Immunity, 2nd Edition.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- In-depth analysis of serum antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus lifecycle proteins, and EBNA1, ANO2, GlialCAM and CRYAB peptides in patients with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Peripheral memory B cells in multiple sclerosis vs. double negative B cells in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: disease driving B cell subsets during CNS inflammation.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Teplizumab in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Review.TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Helper T Cells in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Autoantigen presentation by splenic dendritic cells is required for RBC-specific autoimmunity.Transfusion · 2021Article
- Mechanisms of autoimmunity in the non-obese diabetic mouse: effector/regulatory cell equilibrium during peak inflammation.Immunology · 2016Review
- Use of autoantigen-loaded phosphatidylserine-liposomes to arrest autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes.PloS one · 2015Article
- Patterns of β-cell autoantibody appearance and genetic associations during the first years of life.Diabetes · 2013Article
- Influence of type 1 diabetes genes on disease progression: similarities and differences between countries.Current diabetes reports · 2012Review
- Effect of the PTPN22 and INS risk genotypes on the progression to clinical type 1 diabetes after the initiation of β-cell autoimmunity.Diabetes · 2012Article
- Novel gene associations in type 1 diabetes.Current diabetes reports · 2010Article
- Insulin2 gene (Ins2) transcription by NOD bone marrow-derived cells does not influence autoimmune diabetes development in NOD-Ins2 knockout mice.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2009Article
- Article
- Environmental factors and primary prevention in type 1 diabetes.Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism · 2009Article
- Priming and effector dependence on insulin B:9-23 peptide in NOD islet autoimmunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2007Article
- Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recent studies in both humans and experimental rodent models provide new insight into key mechanisms regulating tolerance to self-molecules. These recent advances are bringing about a paradigm shift in our views about tolerance to self-molecules with tissue-restricted expression. There is, indeed, mounting evidence that selected antigen-presenting cells (APCs) have the ability to synthesize and express self-molecules, and that such expression is critical for self-tolerance. Insulin is a key hormone produced exclusively by pancreatic beta-cells and a critical autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. It provides an excellent example of a molecule with tissue-restricted expression that is expressed ectopically by APCs. The fact that APCs expressing insulin have been demonstrated in both thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissues suggests that they may play a role in insulin presentation in both the central and peripheral immune system. Experimental mice, in which insulin expression was altered, provide functional data that help to dissect the role of insulin presentation by APCs of the immune system. This review addresses recent literature and emerging concepts about the expression of self-molecules in the thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissues and its relation to self-tolerance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.