Evidence map›Paper›PMID 15026442›Full record

ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2004

Increasing inequalities in premature mortality in Great Britain.

A H Leyland

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Sociodemographic and Regional Differences in Cigarette Consumption Across Great Britain: A Population Study, 2022-2024.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025
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  7. Associations between urban metrics and mortality rates in England.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2016
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  18. Reducing disparities downstream: prospects and challenges.Journal of general internal medicine · 2008
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

A H LeylandSocial and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. a.leyland@msoc.mrc.gla.ac.uk

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

STUDY

objectiveTo describe inequalities in all cause premature mortality between and within regions of Great Britain and how these inequalities have changed between 1979 and 1998.

designRetrospective study using routine population and death data aggregated into five year age and sex groups for each of 20 years.

settingAll 459 local authority districts (England and Wales) and local government districts (Scotland).

participantsEstimated population and registered deaths aged 0-64.

main outcome measuresIndirectly standardised mortality ratios for all cause mortality; percentages of deaths that would be avoided if there were no inequalities between and within regions.

resultsThe decrease in premature mortality of 36% seen in Great Britain ranged from 42% in Wales to 33% in Scotland and 31% in London. Differences between regions led to excess mortality of about 25% in Scotland, the North East, and the North West. In London excess mortality increased from 14% to 19%. Inequalities within regions increased in most parts of Great Britain, the exceptions being Wales, London, and the South West. The largest increase was seen in Scotland where the percentage of excess deaths increased from 23% to 33%.

conclusionsA decrease in premature mortality in Great Britain was seen in all regions, although less pronounced in London, but the gap between regions remained. Inequalities between districts within regions vary from one region to another and have increased in nearly every part of Great Britain.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAge FactorsCause of DeathChildChild, PreschoolData CollectionFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornLife ExpectancyMaleMiddle AgedResidence CharacteristicsSocioeconomic Factors

Identifiers

PMID15026442
PMCPMC1732731

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.