ArticleJournal of virology2004
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes have a distinct long terminal repeat that determines the replication rate in a host-cell-specific manner.
Article in Journal of virology, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Reservoir differences across HIV-1 subtypes: a systematic review to guide cure research.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- The Implications of HIV-1 Subtypes on Pathogenesis, Reservoirs and Cure Strategies.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Structural elucidation of HIV-1 G-quadruplexes in a cellular environment and their ligand binding using responsiveChemical science · 2024Article
- Advances in CRISPR-Cas technology and its applications: revolutionising precision medicine.Frontiers in genome editing · 2024Review
- Near-Full-Length Single-Genome HIV-1 DNA Sequencing.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Article
- Safe CRISPR-Cas9 Inhibition of HIV-1 with High Specificity and Broad-Spectrum Activity by Targeting LTR NF-κB Binding Sites.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2020Article
- HIV-1 Latency and Latency Reversal: Does Subtype Matter?Viruses · 2019Review
- Article
- Distinctive variation in the U3R region of the 5' Long Terminal Repeat from diverse HIV-1 strains.PloS one · 2018Article
- The Battle of RNA Synthesis: Virus versus Host.Viruses · 2017Review
- Infecting HIV-1 Subtype Predicts Disease Progression in Women of Sub-Saharan Africa.EBioMedicine · 2016Article
- The variances of Sp1 and NF-κB elements correlate with the greater capacity of Chinese HIV-1 B'-LTR for driving gene expression.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- The 57th amino acid conveys the differential subcellular localization of human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat derived from subtype B and C.Virus genes · 2016Article
- Stable Phenotypic Changes of the Host T Cells Are Essential to the Long-Term Stability of Latent HIV-1 Infection.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Targeting NF-κB signaling with protein kinase C agonists as an emerging strategy for combating HIV latency.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2015Review
- Article
- tat Exon 1 exhibits functional diversity during HIV-1 subtype C primary infection.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- An AP-1 binding site in the enhancer/core element of the HIV-1 promoter controls the ability of HIV-1 to establish latent infection.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- The tale of the long tail: the cytoplasmic domain of HIV-1 gp41.Journal of virology · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The long terminal repeat (LTR) transcriptional promoters of different human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 subtypes were inserted into the LAI molecular clone of subtype B. The viral genotypes represent seven subtypes (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) and one circulating recombinant form (AG). We performed replication studies with this isogenic set of viruses across six cellular environments. This approach revealed strong cellular environment effects, but the method was not sensitive enough to detect small differences in the replication rate between the subtypes. By conducting pairwise competition experiments between the virus variants in six cellular environments, we could demonstrate significant differences in the replication rates of the subtypes and that LTR-determined viral fitness depends both on the host cell type and the activation state of the cell. In addition, we determined the degree of conservation of the transcription factor-binding sites (TFBS) in the different-subtype LTRs by analyzing sequences from the HIV sequence database. The sequence analyses revealed subtype-specific conservation of certain TFBS. The results indicate that one should consider the possibility of subtype-specific viral replication rates in vivo, which are strongly influenced by the host environment. We argue that the multidimensional host environment may have shaped the genetic structures of the subtype LTRs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.