ArticleTobacco control2004
Bupropion in breast milk: an exposure assessment for potential treatment to prevent post-partum tobacco use.
Article in Tobacco control, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antidepressant transfer into amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood & breast milk: A systematic review & combined analysis.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Antidepressants for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Gene variants in CYP2C19 are associated with altered in vivo bupropion pharmacokinetics but not bupropion-assisted smoking cessation outcomes.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2014Trial
- CYP2B6 and bupropion's smoking-cessation pharmacology: the role of hydroxybupropion.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2012Trial
- Assessment of Infant Exposure to Antidepressants through Breastfeeding: A Literature Review of Currently Available Approaches.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Drugs in Human Milk Part 1: Practical and Analytical Considerations in Measuring Drugs and Metabolites in Human Milk.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2024Review
- Quantification of ADHD medication in biological fluids of pregnant and breastfeeding women with liquid chromatography: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Clinical Protocol #21: Breastfeeding in the Setting of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorder (Revised 2023).Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2023Article
- Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs about Relapse Prevention Research Involving Bupropion among Current and Former Pregnant Individuals Who Smoke.Journal of smoking cessation · 2022Article
- Bupropion for postpartum smoking relapse: A remote protocol for a two-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2021Article
- The Effects of Drugs used for the Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on Pregnancy Outcome and Breast-feeding: A Critical Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2021Review
- Pharmacological Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder During Pregnancy and Lactation.Pharmaceutical research · 2018Review
- Development and validation of a high-throughput stereoselective LC-MS/MS assay for bupropion, hydroxybupropion, erythrohydrobupropion, and threohydrobupropion in human plasma.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences · 2016Article
- Depression During Pregnancy and Postpartum.Current psychiatry reports · 2016Review
- Influence of CYP2B6 genetic variants on plasma and urine concentrations of bupropion and metabolites at steady state.Pharmacogenetics and genomics · 2013Article
- Antidepressant medication use during breastfeeding.Clinical obstetrics and gynecology · 2009Review
- An examination of attitudes, knowledge, and clinical practices among Pennsylvania pediatricians regarding breastfeeding and smoking.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2009Article
- Use of contemporary antidepressants during breastfeeding: a proposal for a specific safety index.Drug safety · 2007Review
- The safety of newer antidepressants in pregnancy and breastfeeding.Drug safety · 2005Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo assess potential infant exposure to bupropion and its active metabolites in breast milk such as would occur during treatment to prevent post-partum relapse to tobacco use, and to compare the concentrations of bupropion in urine and saliva with plasma and breast milk. DESIGN AND
settingCohort study, outpatient clinical research centre. SUBJECTS: Ten healthy post-partum volunteers who agreed to take bupropion for seven days, pump and discard their breast milk, and have samples of breast milk, plasma, saliva, and urine analysed.
interventionBupropion 150 mg a day for three days and then 300 mg a day for four days.
main outcome measuresConcentrations of bupropion and its active metabolites (hydroxybupropion, erythrohydrobupropion, threohydrobupropion) in breast milk, plasma, saliva, and urine. Determination of average infant exposure.
resultsThe calculated average dosage of bupropion in breast milk was 6.75 microg/kg/day. Therefore, the average infant exposure is 0.14% of the standard adult dose of bupropion, corrected for the difference in body weight. Considering the sum of bupropion and its active metabolites, the average infant exposure is expected to be 2% of the standard maternal dose on a molar basis. The concentration of bupropion and its active metabolites in breast milk was not associated with age, body mass index, use of oral contraceptive pills, age of infant, or the frequency of breast feeding at the time the study was initiated. The coefficient of determination (r2) between the concentration of bupropion in breast milk and in urine was 0.77 (p < 0.01).
conclusionsBupropion and its active metabolites are present in the breast milk of lactating women. The concentrations of bupropion in breast milk and urine were highly correlated. These results indicate that the daily dose of bupropion and metabolites that would be delivered to an infant of a woman taking a therapeutic dose of bupropion is small. These results suggest that the effectiveness of bupropion to prevent post-partum relapse to tobacco use should be evaluated without excluding women who plan to breast feed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.