ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2004
Involution of the mouse mammary gland is associated with an immune cascade and an acute-phase response, involving LBP, CD14 and STAT3.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 212 papers.
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Who cites it
212 citing papers in PubMed, 392 citations in OpenAlex.
- SOX9 and SEMA7A regulate cell plasticity in the postpartum mammary gland with implications for breast cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Pleiotrophin in Mammary Gland Development and Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of the Evidence.Cells · 2026Review
- Branching out: the diverse roles of stem and progenitor cells in mammary gland development.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2026Review
- An in utero exposure to the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol affects the fat pad composition in post-natal mammary glands.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Divergent aging of nulliparous and parous mammary glands reveals IL33+ hybrid epithelial cells.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The Metabolic-Immune Axis: Amino Acids and Immune Cell Dynamics in Mammary Gland Development and Remodeling.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms of Mammary Gland Development: A Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- The key role of acss1 in mammary gland development and lactation: a study based on gene co-expression network analysis.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Semaphorin7A and PD-L1 cooperatively drive immunosuppression during mammary involution and breast cancer.Cell reports · 2025Article
- The Roles of STAT3 and STAT5 in Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Divergent paths of mammary gland involution: unveiling the cellular dynamics in abruptly and gradually involuted mouse models.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Associations of DNA methylation in breast tumour subtypes with parity and breastfeeding in a cohort of 1459 Black women: implications for public health.BMJ oncology · 2025Article
- Identification of Goat Supernumerary Teat Phenotype Using Wide-Genomic Copy Number Variants.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Gestational breast cancer: distinctive molecular and clinico-epidemiological features.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2024Observational
- Insight into mammary gland development and tumor progression in an E2F5 conditional knockout mouse model.Oncogene · 2024Article
- C/EBPβ deletion in macrophages impairs mammary gland alveolar budding during the estrous cycle.Life science alliance · 2024Article
- Immune Cell Contribution to Mammary Gland Development.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2024Review
- Pregnancy Reduces Il33+ Hybrid Progenitor Accumulation in the Aged Mammary Gland.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Altered liver metabolism post-wean abolishes efficacy of vitamin D for breast cancer prevention in a mouse model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Fused in sarcoma (FUS) inhibits milk production efficiency in mammals.Nature communications · 2024Article
152 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionInvolution of the mammary gland is a complex process of controlled apoptosis and tissue remodelling. The aim of the project was to identify genes that are specifically involved in this process.
methodsWe used Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays to perform a detailed transcript analysis on the mechanism of controlled involution after withdrawal of the pups at day seven of lactation. Some of the results were confirmed by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting or immunohistochemistry.
resultsWe identified 145 genes that were specifically upregulated during the first 4 days of involution; of these, 49 encoded immunoglobulin genes. A further 12 genes, including those encoding the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), the lipopolysaccharide receptor (CD14) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), were involved in the acute-phase response, demonstrating that the expression of acute-phase response genes can occur in the mammary gland itself and not only in the liver. Expression of LBP and CD14 was upregulated, at both the RNA and protein level, immediately after pup withdrawal; CD14 was strongly expressed in the luminal epithelial cells. Other genes identified suggested neutrophil activation early in involution, followed by macrophage activation late in the process. Immunohistochemistry and histological staining confirmed the infiltration of the involuting mammary tissue with neutrophils, plasma cells, macrophages and eosinophils.
conclusionOligonucleotide microarrays are a useful tool for identifying genes that are involved in the complex developmental process of mammary gland involution. The genes identified are consistent with an immune cascade, with an early acute-phase response that occurs in the mammary gland itself and resembles a wound healing process.
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