ArticleInfection and immunity2004
CNLAC1 is required for extrapulmonary dissemination of Cryptococcus neoformans but not pulmonary persistence.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune Modulation and Evasion byACS omega · 2026Review
- Investigating the therapeutic potential of the antibacterial drug nitroxoline in combating cryptococcal infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Effects of simulated microgravity on biological features and virulence of the fungal pathogenApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis ofMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Intratumor fungi specific mechanisms to influence cell death pathways and trigger tumor cell apoptosis.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- The Hidden Fortress: A Comprehensive Review of Fungal Biofilms with Emphasis onJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Investigation of the influence of pH and temperature on melanization and survival under oxidative stress in Cryptococcus neoformans.Archives of microbiology · 2024Article
- Measuring Laccase Activity and Melanin Production in Cryptococcus neoformans.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Review
- Blood vessel occlusion by Cryptococcus neoformans is a mechanism for haemorrhagic dissemination of infection.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Deciphering the Association among Pathogenicity, Production and Polymorphisms of Capsule/Melanin in Clinical Isolates ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Cell Wall Integrity Pathway Involved in Morphogenesis, Virulence and Antifungal Susceptibility inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Treatment strategies for cryptococcal infection: challenges, advances and future outlook.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2021Review
- Mechanisms of fungal dissemination.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
- Wor1-regulated ferroxidases contribute to pigment formation in opaque cells of Candida albicans.FEBS open bio · 2021Article
- Omics Approaches for Understanding Biogenesis, Composition and Functions of Fungal Extracellular Vesicles.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Review
- Contribution of Laccase Expression to Immune Response against Cryptococcus gattii Infection.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
- Basic principles of the virulence ofVirulence · 2019Review
- Central Nervous System Cryptococcal Infections in Non-HIV Infected Patients.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- A Mimic of Hepatic Encephalopathy: Two Cases of Cryptococcal Meningitis in North America.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2019Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans produces a laccase enzyme (CNLAC1), which catalyzes the synthesis of melanin in the presence of phenolic compounds. A number of genes have been implicated in the regulation of laccase and melanization, including IPC1, GPA1, MET3, and STE12. Albino mutants derived from random mutagenesis techniques may contain mutations in genes that regulate multiple virulence factors, including CNLAC1. The goal of our study is to investigate the role of CNLAC1 in virulence and evasion of pulmonary host defenses after infection via the respiratory tract. Using a set of congenic laccase-positive (2E-TUC-4) and laccase-deficient (2E-TU-4) strains, we found that both strains are avirulent at a lower dose (10(4) CFU/mouse) in mice. After the infectious dose was increased to 10(6) CFU/mouse, 70% mortality was observed in mice infected with 2E-TUC-4 compared to no mortality in mice infected with 2E-TU-4 at day 30 postinfection. This observation confirms the requirement for CNLAC1 in virulence. Interestingly, we observed no differences between the two strains in pulmonary growth or in elicitation of cellular immune responses in the lung. The only measurable defect of 2E-TU-4 was in dissemination to extrapulmonary sites. To examine the role of CNLAC1 in dissemination, mice were infected intravenously. By week 3 postinfection, equal numbers of strains 2E-TUC-4 and 2E-TU-4 were recovered from the brain and spleen. This observation indicates that CNLAC1 facilitates escape from the lung, but not growth in the lungs or brain, and suggests a novel role for CNLAC1 in virulence during an infection aquired via the respiratory tract.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.